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Research in Optical Sciences

Experimental Boson Sampling with integrated photonics

Nicolò Spagnolo, Chiara Vitelli, Marco Bentivegna, Fulvio Flamini, Paolo Mataloni, Fabio Sciarrino, Daniel J. Brod, Ernesto F. Galvão, Andrea Crespi, Roberta Ramponi, Roberto Osellame

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We implement the boson sampling problem by studying 3-photon interference in integrated interferometers with up to 9 modes. By using the input of the problem we efficiently distinguish the output from the uniform distribution.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2014.qth1a.3

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The Boson sampling problem consists in sampling from the output probability distribution of a bosonic Fock state, after it evolves through a linear interferometer. There is strong evidence that Boson sampling is computationally hard for classical computers, while it can be solved naturally by bosons. This has led it to draw increasing attention as a possible way to provide experimental evidence for the quantum computational supremacy. Nevertheless, the very complexity of the problem makes it hard to exclude the hypothesis that the experimental data are sampled from a different probability distribution. By exploiting integrated quantum photonics, we have carried out a set of three-photon Boson sampling experiments and analyzed the results using a Bayesian approach, showing that it represents a valid alternative to currently used methods. We adopt this approach to provide evidence that the experimental data correspond to genuine three-photon interference, validating the results against fully and partially-distinguishable photon hypotheses.
It is strongly believed that the evolution of bosons undergoing arbitrary linear unitary transformations quickly becomes hard to predict using classical computers as we increase the number of particles and modes. Photons propagating in a multiport interferometer naturally solve this so-called boson sampling problem: sample the outputs of a multi-photon experiment in a linear-optical interferometer. This motivates the development of technologies that enable precise control of multiphoton interference in large interferometers.
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