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Physical Review A

Geometry of classical periodic orbits and quantum coherent states in coupled oscillators with SU(2) transformations

Y. F. Chen

Published Mar 31, 2011• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The geometry of classical dynamics in coupled oscillators with SU(2) transformations is explored and found to be relevant to a family of continuous-transformation orbits between Lissajous and trochoidal curves. The quantum wave-packet coherent states are derived analytically to correspond exactly to the transformation geometry of classical dynamics. By using the quantum wave-packet coherent states derived herein, stationary coherent states are constructed and are shown to possess spatial patterns identical to the transformation geometry between Lissajous and trochoidal orbits.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.032124

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The geometry of classical dynamics in coupled oscillators with SU(2) transformations is explored and found to be relevant to a family of continuous-transformation orbits between Lissajous and trochoidal curves. The quantum wave-packet coherent states are derived analytically to correspond exactly to the transformation geometry of classical dynamics. By using the quantum wave-packet coherent states derived herein, stationary coherent states are constructed and are shown to possess spatial patterns identical to the transformation geometry between Lissajous and trochoidal orbits.
We demonstrate a formally exact quantum–classical correspondence between the stationary coherent states associated with the commensurate anisotropic two-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the classical Lissajous orbits. Our derivation draws upon the earlier work of Louck et al (1973 J. Math. Phys. 14 692) wherein they have provided a non-bijective canonical transformation that maps, within a degenerate eigenspace, the commensurate anisotropic oscillator on to the isotropic oscillator. This mapping leads, in a natural manner, to a Schwinger realization of SU (2) in terms of the canonically transformed creation and annihilation operators. Through the corresponding coherent states built over a degenerate eigenspace, we directly effect the classical limit via the expectation values of the underlying generators. Our work completely accounts for the fact that the SU (2) coherent state in general corresponds to an ensemble of Lissajous orbits.
Abstract In the three‐dimensional (3D) transversely symmetric oscillator, there are plentiful degeneracies and gaps in the quantum energy spectrum as a function of the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal frequency. It is theoretically verified that while the SU(2) interaction destroys the original degeneracies, numerous new degeneracies and gaps emerge around the original degeneracies to form a similar fine energy spectrum. The classical trajectories at the emergent degeneracies are analyzed to be localized on the 3D parametric surfaces which are constituted by the topologically invariant curves in the transverse tomography. The quantum coherent states are exploited to develop the wave functions that correspond to the 3D geometric surfaces in classical dynamics. Furthermore, the wave structures of the stationary coherent states at small quantum numbers are explored and found to display peculiar patterns with symmetries related to classical trajectories.
On the basis of quantum-classical correspondence for two-dimensional anisotropic oscillator, we study quantum-classical correspondence for two-dimensional rotation and translation harmonic oscillator system from both quantum-classical orbits and geometric phases. Here, the two one-dimensional oscillators refer to a common harmonic oscillator and a rotation and translation harmonic oscillator. In terms of the generalized gauge transformation, we obtain the stationary Lissajous orbits and Hannay's angle. On the other hand, the eigenfunctions and Berry phases are derived analytically with the help of time-dependent gauge transformation. We may draw the conclusion that the nonadiabatic Berry phase in the original gauge is-n times the classical Hannay's angle, here n is the eigenfunction index. As a matter of fact, the quantum geometric phase and the classical Hannay's angle have the same nature according to Berry. Finally, by using the SU(2) coherent superposition of degenerate two-dimensional eigenfunctions for a fixed energy value, we construct the stationary wave functions and show that the spatial distribution of wave-function probability clouds is in excellent accordance with the classical orbits, indicating the exact quantum-classical correspondence. We also demonstrate the quantum-classical correspondences for the geometric phase-angle and the quantum-classical orbits in a unified form.
The trajectory equations for classical periodic orbits in the equilateral-triangular and circular billiards are systematically extracted from quantum stationary coherent states. The relationship between the phase factors of quantum stationary coherent states and the initial positions of classical periodic orbits is analytically derived. In addition, the stationary coherent states with noncoprime parametric numbers are shown to correspond to the multiple periodic orbits, which cannot be explicable in the one-particle picture. The stationary coherent states are further verified to be linked to the resonant modes that are generally observed in the experimental wave system excited by a localized and unidirectional source. The excellent agreement between the resonant modes and the stationary coherent states not only manifests the importance of classical features in experimental systems but also paves the way to manipulate the mesoscopic wave functions localized on the periodic orbits for applications.
By using the representation of SU(2) coherent states,we construct the wave functions related to the classical periodic orbits in the 2D rectangular billiard.The relation between the classical periodic orbits and the quantum wave functions provide a more physical description of a phenomenon than the true eigenstates in mesoscopic systems.Furthermore,by using the periodic orbit theory,we calculate the Fourier transform ρ(L) of the quantum spectra of the two-dimensional rectangular billiard system.The resulting of the peaks in plots of |ρN(L)|2 versus L are compared to the lengths of the classical periodic orbits of the particle moving in the 2D rectangular cavity.The agreement of the peaks between |ρN(L)|2 and the length of the classical periodic orbit suggests the correspondence of quantum mechanics and classical mechanics.
We construct stationary coherent states concentrated on Lissajous figures of the isotropic and anisotropic harmonic oscillators, the latter having coprime frequencies, by projecting products of ordinary coherent states (one coherent state for each degree of freedom) onto sets of degenerate states. By performing these projections, we are deriving our states from sets of coherent states that are known to follow the classical motion of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator for arbitrary frequencies. We clarify the nature of any singularities present in the phase of the wavefunction for each of the states we derive, and we establish a rigorous connection between the laminar flow of probability current and the emergence of quantum interference. Through this analysis, we are able to provide a clear and quantifiable definition for a vortex state of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator (2DHO). In an appendix, we show that our stationary states are true coherent states as they can be used to resolve the relevant identity operators (the above mentioned projection operators) on their respective degenerate subspaces. In the special case of the isotropic oscillator, the states obtained are the SU(2) coherent states, and we derive from our formalism the familiar resolution of unity for these states.