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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum information processing using nanoscale objects embedded in photonic crystals

Hiroyuki Nihei, Atsushi Okamoto

Published Sep 7, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have demonstrated the coherent control of nanoscale objects (such as quantum dots) embedded in photonic crystals, which provides a basis for a one-qubit phase rotation gate that is one of the universal quantum logic gates for quantum information processing. In this demonstration, the quantum electrodynamics of the atomic system is calculated by the Schrödinger equation. Using the results of the calculation, the quantum electrodynamics is graphically represented by a Bloch sphere. This shows that the quantum state is rotated on the Bloch sphere, and this rotation is stopped or started, depending on the laser phase, which can act as a one-qubit phase rotation gate.

DOI
10.1117/12.754321

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We have demonstrated the coherent control of nanoscale objects (such as quantum dots) embedded in photonic crystals, which provides a basis for a one-qubit phase rotation gate that is one of the universal quantum logic gates for quantum information processing. In this demonstration, the quantum electrodynamics of the atomic system is calculated by the Schrödinger equation. Using the results of the calculation, the quantum electrodynamics is graphically represented by a Bloch sphere. This shows that the quantum state is rotated on the Bloch sphere, and this rotation is stopped or started, depending on the laser phase, which can act as a one-qubit phase rotation gate.
Generating strong interactions between single quanta of light and matter is central to quantum information science, and a key component of quantum computers and long-distance quantum networks. In quantum information processing, these interactions are required to create elementary logic operations (quantum gates) between stationary matter quantum bits (qubits) and photonic qubits that can be transmitted over long distances. Efficient quantum gates between photonic and matter qubits are a crucial enabler for a broad range of applications that include robust quantum networks, nondestructive quantum measurements, and strong photon-photon interactions. So far these qubit-photon gates have been achieved using single atoms and at microwave frequencies in circuit QED systems. Their implementation with solidstate quantum emitters, however, has remained a difficult challenge. We demonstrate that the qubit state of a photon can be controlled by a single solid-state qubit composed of a quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled to an optical nanocavity. We show that the QD acts as a coherently controllable qubit system that conditionally flips the polarization of a photon reflected from the cavity mode on picosecond timescales. This operation implements a controlled NOT (cNOT) logic gate between the QD and the incident photon, which is a universal quantum operation that can serve as a general light-matter interface for remote entanglements and quantum computations. Our results represent an important step towards an all solid-state implementation of quantum networks and quantum computers, and provide a versatile approach for controlling and probing interactions between a photon and a single quantum emitter on ultra-fast timescales.
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are ideal candidates for quantum information processing, due to their strong resemblance to atomic systems. This paper will show that an optically driven approach is an attractive scheme for quantum computing with QDs. Results will be presented from the experiments with the optical Bloch vector qubit in neutral QDs, demonstrating phase‐locked single qubit rotations and two‐qubit universal control‐NOT logic gates. We will conclude by discussing how the optical approach can be extended to control the electron spin qubit in charged QDs.