This work is devoted to find the critical time instants for a multivariate quantum harmonic oscillator system under optimal control. All quantum optimal control agents are taken linear in their arguments. The objective operator and the operator whose expectation value is to be suppressed are expressed as linear combinations of the position and momentum operators. The external field influence on the system is approximated only by the dipole polarizability term and the dipole function is taken as a linear combination of the positions. These linearities together with the elastic force structure of the mutual interactions amongst the oscillators brings the whole linearity to the system. We do not concern with the wave and costate functions. Instead, the expectation values of the position and momenta are taken as unknowns together with the two way transitions between the states described by the wave and costate functions, through positions and momenta. The resulting control problem appears to be a boundary value problem in time through a vector valued ODE. The critical time durations of this equation are sought by expanding the deviation parameter with respect to a perturbation parameter. Perturbation terms for these critical time instants can be evaluated analytically.
Abstract This work deals with the optimal control of one dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator under an external field characterized by a linear dipole function. The penalty term is taken as kinetic energy. The objective operator whose expectation value is desired to get a prescribed target value is taken as the square of the position operator. The dipole function hypothesis in the external field is valid only for weak fields otherwise hyperpolarizability terms which contain powers of the field amplitude higher than 1 should be considered. The weak field assumption enables us to develop a first order perturbation approach to get approximate solutions to the wave and costate equations. These solutions contain the field amplitude and another unknown, so‐called deviation constant, through some certain integrals. By inserting these expressions into the connection equation which functionally relates the field amplitude to the wave and costate function it is possible to produce an integral equation. Same manipulations on the objective equation results in an algebraic equation to determine the deviation parameter. The algebraic deviation equation produces incompatibility which can be relaxed by including second order perturbative term of wave function. The integral and algebraic equations mentioned above are asymptotically solved. Their global solutions are left to future works since the main purpose of this work is to obtain the so‐called field and deviation equations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
This work presents a general framework for assessing the quality and robustness of control over quantum dynamics induced by an optical field
E(t). The control process is expressed in terms of a cost functional, including the physical objectives, penalties, and constraints. The first variations of such cost functionals have traditionally been utilized to create designs for the controlling electric fields. Here, the second variation of the cost functional is analyzed to explore (i) whether such solutions are locally optimal, and (ii) their degree of robustness. Both issues may be assessed from the eigenvalues of the stability operator S whose kernel $K(t,\ensuremath{\tau})$ is related to $\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{E}(t)/\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{E}(\ensuremath{\tau}){|}_{c}$ for
0<t, $\ensuremath{\tau}<~T,$ where
T is the target control time. Here
c denotes the constraint that the field satisfies the optimal control dynamical equations. The eigenvalues \ensuremath{\sigma} of S satisfying $\ensuremath{\sigma}<1$ assure local optimality of the control solution, with $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1$ being the critical value separating optimal solutions from false solutions (i.e., those with negative second variational curvature of the cost functional). In turn, the maximally robust control solutions with the least sensitivity to field errors also correspond to $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1.$ Thus, sufficiently high sensitivity of the field at one time
t to the field at another time \ensuremath{\tau} (i.e., $\ensuremath{\sigma}>1$) will lead to a loss of local optimality. An expression is obtained for a bound on the stability operator, and this result is employed to qualitatively analyze control behavior. From this bound, the inclusion of an auxiliary operator (i.e., other than the target operator) is shown to act as a stabilizer of the control process. It is also shown that robust solutions are expected to exist in both the strong- and weak-field regimes.
We develop quantum algorithms for optimal control over a prescribed finite time interval (finite horizon), focusing on continuous-time linear-quadratic regulation (LQR). This foundational control problem often requires solving a nonlinear matrix Riccati equation, which can be costly for large systems and long control durations on conventional classical solvers. We instead work directly with the state-costate optimality equations, reformulating the LQR problem as a multiple-shooting linear system. Importantly, we prove a condition-number bound for the system that is independent of the horizon, under stabilizability and detectability assumptions. By incorporating the initial and final conditions into a single linear system, we can solve the subsequent linear system more efficiently with a quantum linear systems subroutine. For a given initial state, our quantum algorithms return classical estimates of the optimal cost and the optimal control inputs at a selected time, without constructing a Riccati solution operator. Given sparse-matrix block-encodings, an initial-state preparation oracle and a fixed number of control inputs, the query and gate complexities scale polylogarithmically with system size and control duration, provided that sparsity, relevant norms, and stability parameters are bounded. The dependence on the target error is inverse-linear up to logarithmic factors. We establish the required bounds uniformly in system size and duration for a family of damped mass-spring chains with two endpoint controls. Numerical experiments support the analysis.
This work considers the quantum optimal control of one dimensional harmonic oscillator under linear control agents. The system’s potential energy function contains a perturbation term which is bounded everywhere in the space variable’s domain. We use the most preferred cost functional to construct the necessary equations. Equations are converted to a boundary value problem for a set of ordinary differential equations containing the expectation values of certain operators and the terms corresponding to the transitions between the states described by the wave and costate functions. Resulting equations involve certain undesired expectation values and transition terms. We use a recently developed scheme called fluctuation expansion to approximate these terms at the sharply localized wave and costate function limits. This enables us to construct n infinite number of ordinary differential equations and accompanying boundary conditions whose both halves are given at the beginning and end of the control. These equations are truncated and then the resulting boundary value problem is solved iteratively.
In this study, the optimal control equations for one dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator under the quadratic control operators together with linear dipole polarizability effects are constructed in the sense of Heisenberg equation of motion. A numerical technique based on the approximation to the non‐commuting quantum mechanical operators from the fluctuation free expectation value dynamics perspective in the classical limit is also proposed for the solution of optimal control equations which are ODEs with accompanying boundary conditions. The dipole interaction of the system is considered to be linear, and the observable whose expectation value will be suppressed during the control process is considered to be quadratic in terms of position operator x. The objective term operator is also assumed to be quadratic.