According to modern quantum field theory all elementary particles are quantum excitations of an underlying quantum field. In the case of the photon the underlying field is the electromagnetic field. In photon wave mechanics the photon concept was reached by a reinterpretation of the physical meaning of the free classical electromagnetic field. Such a reinterpretation does not give us a quantum theory of light quanta because the elementary quantum of action is foreign to classical physics. Although Planck’s constant does occur in the various Schro¨dinger-like wave equations we have presented in Part III it just plays the role of a multiplicative factor, see e.g., Eq. (10.36). The “justification” for bringing ~ into the formalism is the wish to make contact to the Einstein-de Broglie relations [Eqs. (10.40) and (10.41)]. In a sense one may call the light particle appearing from classical electrodynamics the classical photon.
Standard quantum mechanics relies on abstract probability clouds, wavefunctions, and stochastic superposition to describe subatomic behavior. Within the deterministic
n3 matrix-mechanical framework, these probabilistic interpretations are dismantled and reinterpreted as deterministic, hydrodynamic aliasing artifacts. By evaluating observer sampling limits against object rotational frequencies (
Kobs<2⋅fobj), we prove that multi-location illusions and wave-particle duality stem from stroboscopic under-sampling rather than inherent physical indeterminacy.