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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Electronic structure and superconductivity in strongly correlated systems in the pseudogap regime

L. Puig-Puig, F. López‐Aguilar

Published Dec 15, 1995• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose effective potentials from a screened Coulomb interaction which arises from spin-fluctuation effects within a three-dimensional Hubbard single-band model for systems with strongly correlated electrons within the pseudogap regime. This regime is characterized by the existence in the normal state of at least two structures located at both sides of the Fermi level and split by a gap or pseudogap. This is the most crucial assumption in the analysis performed in this work. We consider the proposed effective interactions between fermions, analyzing the possibility of obtaining superconductivity by means of the formulation of the corresponding Dyson-like equations for the normal and anomalous one-body propagators in the state with bosonic condensation. We also include vertex effects within these effective fermion-fermion interactions and discuss their influence in this formalism in order to consider a Migdal-like theory appropriate to Hubbard systems. In cases where superconductivity is found, the critical temperature is obtained and the influence of the band and potential parameters is analyzed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.52.17143

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We propose effective potentials from a screened Coulomb interaction which arises from spin-fluctuation effects within a three-dimensional Hubbard single-band model for systems with strongly correlated electrons within the pseudogap regime. This regime is characterized by the existence in the normal state of at least two structures located at both sides of the Fermi level and split by a gap or pseudogap. This is the most crucial assumption in the analysis performed in this work. We consider the proposed effective interactions between fermions, analyzing the possibility of obtaining superconductivity by means of the formulation of the corresponding Dyson-like equations for the normal and anomalous one-body propagators in the state with bosonic condensation. We also include vertex effects within these effective fermion-fermion interactions and discuss their influence in this formalism in order to consider a Migdal-like theory appropriate to Hubbard systems. In cases where superconductivity is found, the critical temperature is obtained and the influence of the band and potential parameters is analyzed.
Electronic states in the two-dimensional Hubbard model are studied in the doped paramagnetic states by use of the auxiliary boson approach. Four auxiliary bosons are introduced by means of the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation within the functional integral treatment. These bosons correspond to one charge and three spin fluctuations. An effective model is formulated. Going beyond the boson fluctuations around the saddle point, the single-electron Green's function including one-loop self-energy effects of fermion-boson interaction is derived. The behavior of the fermion self-energy, spectral functions, and density of states are investigated for several values of the Coulomb interaction UUU within the limit imposed by the Stoner criterion and also for small and moderate doping concentrations $\ensuremath{\delta}$. For small doping $(\ensuremath{\delta}=0.2)$, as UUU approaches a value determined by the Stoner criterion, the spin-boson spectrum has a striking low-energy enhancement around $\mathbf{q}\ensuremath{\sim}2{\mathbf{k}}_{F}.$ This enhancement of the spin fluctuation causes a non-Fermi-liquid-like low-energy $\ensuremath{\omega}$ linear dependence in the imaginary part of the self-energy. Due to the self-energy effects, band splittings and a band narrowing are produced in the spectral functions. As a consequence of this, the density of states has pseudogap structures around the quasiparticle band with a narrow bandwidth on the Fermi energy. These features seem to be precursors of the metal-insulator (Mott-Hubbard) transition and they might be related to the spin-gap phenomena observed in high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ materials. Our results for the density of states, the spectral function, and the band dispersions show qualitative agreement with the data of finite-size cluster simulations.
It has been recently shown that the competition between unscreened Coulomb and Fröhlich electron-phonon interactions can be described in terms of a short-range spin exchange J p and an effective on-site interaction in the framework of the polaronic t - J p - model. This model, that provides an explanation for high-temperature superconductivity in terms of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of small and light bipolarons, is now studied as a charged Bose-Fermi mixture. Within this approximation, we show that a gap between bipolaron and unpaired polaron bands results in a strong suppression of low-temperature spin susceptibility, specific heat and tunnelling conductance, signalling the presence of a pseudogap regime in the normal state without any assumptions on pre-existing orders or broken symmetries in the normal state of the model.
In this work we study the superconductivity within an attractive two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model. We consider a d-wave superconducting gap and a Hubbard-I approximation to describe the strongly correlated superconducting regime. We use the Green’s function method to obtain the order parameter Δ and the superconducting critical temperature Tc. The results show that for fixed values of the superconducting attractive potential U(U<0), the gap increases for low temperatures but diminishes abruptly as the temperature increases. The effect of pressure is discussed, varying the next-nearest-neighbor hopping t2, yielding a change in Tc, and also in Δ0, and a tendency to suppress the superconductivity.
The influence of spin and charge fluctuations on spectra of the two-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model is considered using the strong coupling diagram technique. Infinite sequences of diagrams containing ladder inserts, which describe the interaction of electrons with these fluctuations, are summed, and obtained equations are self-consistently solved for the ranges of Hubbard repulsions [Formula: see text], temperatures [Formula: see text] and electron concentrations [Formula: see text] with t the intersite hopping constant. For all considered U the system exhibits a transition to the long-range antiferromagnetic order at [Formula: see text]. At the same time no indication of charge ordering is observed. Obtained solutions agree satisfactorily with results of other approaches and obey moments sum rules. In the considered region of the U-T plane, the curve separating metallic solutions passes from [Formula: see text] at the highest temperatures to U = 2t at [Formula: see text] for half-filling. If only short-range fluctuations are allowed for the remaining part of this region is occupied by insulating solutions. Taking into account long-range fluctuations leads to strengthening of maxima tails, which transform a part of insulating solutions into bad-metal states. For low T, obtained results allow us to trace the gradual transition from the regime of strong correlations with the pronounced four-band structure and well-defined Mott gap for [Formula: see text] to the Slater regime of weak correlations with the spectral intensity having a dip along the boundary of the magnetic Brillouin zone due to an antiferromagnetic ordering for [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] doping leads to the occurrence of a pseudogap near the Fermi level, which is a consequence of the splitting out of a narrow band from a Hubbard subband. Obtained spectra feature waterfalls and Fermi arcs, which are similar to those observed in hole-doped cuprates.
Recently developed numerical methods have enabled the explicit construction of the superconducting state of the Hubbard model of strongly correlated electrons in parameter regimes where the model also exhibits a pseudogap and a Mott insulating phase. d(x(2)-y(2)) symmetry superconductivity is found to occur in proximity to the Mott insulator, but separated from it by a pseudogapped nonsuperconducting phase. The superconducting transition temperature and order parameter amplitude are found to be maximal at the onset of the normal-state pseudogap. The emergence of superconductivity from the normal state pseudogap leads to a decrease in the excitation gap. All of these features are consistent with the observed behavior of the copper-oxide superconductors.
It has been recently shown that the competition between unscreened Coulomb and Fröhlich electron-phonon interactions can be described in terms of a short-range spin exchange JpJ_pJp​ and an effective on-site interaction U~\tilde{U}U~ in the framework of the polaronic ttt-JpJ_pJp​-U~\tilde{U}U~ model. This model, that provides an explanation for high temperature superconductivity in terms of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of small and light bipolarons, is now studied as a charged Bose-Fermi mixture. Within this approximation, we show that a gap between bipolaron and unpaired polaron bands results in a strong suppression of low-temperature spin susceptibility, specific heat and tunneling conductance, signaling the presence of normal state pseudogap without any assumptions on preexisting orders or broken symmetries in the normal state of the model.