Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Output coupling from a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in a vortex state

P. B. Blakie, R. J. Ballagh, Charles W. Clark

Published Aug 1, 2003• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the properties of an atom laser produced by the output coupling of a trapped vortex state with a Raman scattering process. We find a linearized analytic solution from which a generalized resonance condition for Raman output coupling is developed. Using numerical simulations of a two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two and three dimensions, the output beam from a trapped central vortex state is analyzed for cases of pulsed and continuous coupling where the vortex core is either transverse or parallel to the direction of propagation. We show how the parameters of the Raman light fields control the spatial phase of the output beam.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.023601

Related papers

Topological Atom Laser

P. B. Blakie, R. J. Ballagh, Charles W. Clark

We demonstrate how a topological atom laser can be realized by output coupling a trapped vortex state with a Raman scattering process. We find a linearized analytic solution from which a generalized resonance condition for Raman output coupling is developed. Using numerical simulations of a two component Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two and three dimensions the output beam from a trapped central vortex state is analyzed for cases of pulsed and continuous coupling where the vortex core is either transverse or parallel to the direction of propagation. We show how the parameters of the Raman light fields control the spatial phase of the output beam.

arXiv:cond-mat/0301554•Jan 28, 2003•0 citations

Dynamics of quantized vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates with laser-induced spin-orbit coupling

Kenichi Kasamatsu

We study vortex dynamics in trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a laser-induced spin-orbit coupling using the numerical analysis of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The spin-orbit coupling leads to three distinct ground-state phases, which depend on some experimentally controllable parameters. When a vortex is put in one or both of the two-component condensates, the vortex dynamics exhibits very different behaviors in each phase, which can be observed in experiments. These dynamical behaviors can be understood by clarifying the stable vortex structure realized in each phase.

arXiv:1510.00142•Physical Review A•Dec 3, 2015•15 citations

DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF BACK-COUPLING ON AN ATOM LASER

Nicholas P. Robins, Jessica Lye, Cameron S. Fletcher +5 more

Atom lasers have been demonstrated in both pulsed and semi-continuous modes. The dynamics of these devices is predicted to be dramatically different to the optical laser due to fundamental differences between the two types of boson fields, however to date it is the similarities that have been emphasized. Here we show how the atom laser dynamics are strongly affected by coupling of the output beam back to the condensate. Typically research in the field of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) 1 relates to studies of fundamental properties, such as collective modes 2 or to the response of the BEC to external stimuli 3. In contrast, the atom laser is one of the most promising technologies to arise from BEC, being the di-rect atomic equivalent of the optical laser 4. Mewes et al. 5 demonstrated the first atom laser, based on the application of pulsed radio-frequency (RF) fields to induce controlled spin flips from magnetically trapped to un-trapped states of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Later it was shown by Hagley et al. 6 that a pulsed Raman out-coupling could be used to achieve a quasi-continuous multi-state atomic beam. Bloch et al. 7 achieved con-tinuous RF out-coulping for up to 100ms, producing a single state atom laser beam, and showed that this beam could be coherently manipulated in direct analogy to the optical laser 8. These experiments, and others 9,10, have conclusively demonstrated that the outcoupling process can be made coherent. They have also demonstrated a number of other similarities be-tween the optical and atomic lasers such as high flux and low divergence of the output beam. In all these works, the similarities between the two sys-tems have been emphasized, however, ultimately it is the differences such as mass and wavelength that will lead to applications of the atom laser. 1

Laser Spectroscopy•Feb 1, 2004•1 citation

Control of the vortex lattice formation in coupled atom-molecular Bose–Einstein condensate in a double well potential: role of atom-molecule coupling, trap rotation frequency and detuning parameter

Moumita Gupta, Krishna Rai Dastidar

Abstract We study the vortex formation in coupled atomic and molecular condensates in a rotating double well trap by numerically solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii like equations. Starting with the atomic condensate in the double well potential we considered two-photon Raman photo-association for coherent conversion of atoms to molecules. It is shown that the competition between atom-molecule coupling strength and repulsive atom-molecule interaction controls the spacings between atomic and molecular vortices and the rotation frequency of the trap is the key player for controlling the number of visible atomic and molecular vortices. Whereas the Raman detuning controls the spacing between atomic and molecular vortices as well as the number of atomic and molecular vortices in the trap. We have shown by considering the molecular lattices the distance between two molecular vortices can be controlled by varying the Raman detuning. In addition we have found that the Feynman rule relating the total number of vortices and average angular momentum both for atoms and molecules can be satisfied by considering the atomic and molecular vortices those are hidden in density distribution and seen as singularities in phase distribution of the coupled system except for the lattice structure where molecular vortices are overlapped with each other. It is found that although the number of visible/core vortices in atomic and molecular vortex lattices depends significantly on the system parameters the number of atomic and molecular hidden vortices remains constant in most of the cases.

arXiv:2306.14741•Physica Scripta•May 25, 2023•1 citation

Vortices in Bose-Einstein-condensed atomic clouds

Emil Lundh, C. J. Pethick, H. Smith

The properties of vortex states in a Bose-Einstein-condensed cloud of atoms are considered at zero temperature. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the case when a cloud of atoms containing a vortex is released from a trap. In two dimensions we find the simple result that the time dependence of the cloud radius is given by $(1+{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}{t}^{2}{)}^{1/2},$ where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the trap frequency. We calculate and compare the expansion of the vortex core and the cloud radius for different numbers of particles and interaction strengths, in both two and three dimensions, and discuss the circumstances under which vortex states may be observed experimentally.

arXiv:cond-mat/9805351•Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1998•67 citations

Spatially strongly confined atomic excitation via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Giedrius Žlabys, V. Ahufinger +3 more

We consider a method of sub-wavelength superlocalization and patterning of atomic matter waves via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (2D STIRAP) process. An atom initially prepared in its ground level interacts with a doughnut-shaped optical vortex pump beam and a traveling wave Stokes laser beam with a constant (top-hat) intensity profile in space. The beams are sent in a counter-intuitive temporal sequence, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump pulse. The atoms interacting with both the traveling wave and the vortex beam are transferred to a final state through the 2D STIRAP, while those located at the core of the vortex beam remain in the initial state, creating a super-narrow nanometer scale atomic spot in the spatial distribution of ground state atoms. By numerical simulations we show that the 2D STIRAP approach outperforms the established method of coherent population trapping, yielding much stronger confinement of atomic excitation. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that using such a method one can create 2D bright and dark solitonic structures in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The method allows one to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods for formation of localized solitons, with a full control over the position and size of nanometer resolution defects.

arXiv:2111.03750•Optics Express•Mar 10, 2022•18 citations
We consider the properties of an atom laser produced by the output coupling of a trapped vortex state with a Raman scattering process. We find a linearized analytic solution from which a generalized resonance condition for Raman output coupling is developed. Using numerical simulations of a two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two and three dimensions, the output beam from a trapped central vortex state is analyzed for cases of pulsed and continuous coupling where the vortex core is either transverse or parallel to the direction of propagation. We show how the parameters of the Raman light fields control the spatial phase of the output beam.
We demonstrate how a topological atom laser can be realized by output coupling a trapped vortex state with a Raman scattering process. We find a linearized analytic solution from which a generalized resonance condition for Raman output coupling is developed. Using numerical simulations of a two component Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two and three dimensions the output beam from a trapped central vortex state is analyzed for cases of pulsed and continuous coupling where the vortex core is either transverse or parallel to the direction of propagation. We show how the parameters of the Raman light fields control the spatial phase of the output beam.
We study vortex dynamics in trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a laser-induced spin-orbit coupling using the numerical analysis of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The spin-orbit coupling leads to three distinct ground-state phases, which depend on some experimentally controllable parameters. When a vortex is put in one or both of the two-component condensates, the vortex dynamics exhibits very different behaviors in each phase, which can be observed in experiments. These dynamical behaviors can be understood by clarifying the stable vortex structure realized in each phase.
Atom lasers have been demonstrated in both pulsed and semi-continuous modes. The dynamics of these devices is predicted to be dramatically different to the optical laser due to fundamental differences between the two types of boson fields, however to date it is the similarities that have been emphasized. Here we show how the atom laser dynamics are strongly affected by coupling of the output beam back to the condensate. Typically research in the field of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) 1 relates to studies of fundamental properties, such as collective modes 2 or to the response of the BEC to external stimuli 3. In contrast, the atom laser is one of the most promising technologies to arise from BEC, being the di-rect atomic equivalent of the optical laser 4. Mewes et al. 5 demonstrated the first atom laser, based on the application of pulsed radio-frequency (RF) fields to induce controlled spin flips from magnetically trapped to un-trapped states of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Later it was shown by Hagley et al. 6 that a pulsed Raman out-coupling could be used to achieve a quasi-continuous multi-state atomic beam. Bloch et al. 7 achieved con-tinuous RF out-coulping for up to 100ms, producing a single state atom laser beam, and showed that this beam could be coherently manipulated in direct analogy to the optical laser 8. These experiments, and others 9,10, have conclusively demonstrated that the outcoupling process can be made coherent. They have also demonstrated a number of other similarities be-tween the optical and atomic lasers such as high flux and low divergence of the output beam. In all these works, the similarities between the two sys-tems have been emphasized, however, ultimately it is the differences such as mass and wavelength that will lead to applications of the atom laser. 1
Abstract We study the vortex formation in coupled atomic and molecular condensates in a rotating double well trap by numerically solving the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii like equations. Starting with the atomic condensate in the double well potential we considered two-photon Raman photo-association for coherent conversion of atoms to molecules. It is shown that the competition between atom-molecule coupling strength and repulsive atom-molecule interaction controls the spacings between atomic and molecular vortices and the rotation frequency of the trap is the key player for controlling the number of visible atomic and molecular vortices. Whereas the Raman detuning controls the spacing between atomic and molecular vortices as well as the number of atomic and molecular vortices in the trap. We have shown by considering the molecular lattices the distance between two molecular vortices can be controlled by varying the Raman detuning. In addition we have found that the Feynman rule relating the total number of vortices and average angular momentum both for atoms and molecules can be satisfied by considering the atomic and molecular vortices those are hidden in density distribution and seen as singularities in phase distribution of the coupled system except for the lattice structure where molecular vortices are overlapped with each other. It is found that although the number of visible/core vortices in atomic and molecular vortex lattices depends significantly on the system parameters the number of atomic and molecular hidden vortices remains constant in most of the cases.
The properties of vortex states in a Bose-Einstein-condensed cloud of atoms are considered at zero temperature. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the case when a cloud of atoms containing a vortex is released from a trap. In two dimensions we find the simple result that the time dependence of the cloud radius is given by $(1+{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}{t}^{2}{)}^{1/2},$ where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the trap frequency. We calculate and compare the expansion of the vortex core and the cloud radius for different numbers of particles and interaction strengths, in both two and three dimensions, and discuss the circumstances under which vortex states may be observed experimentally.
We consider a method of sub-wavelength superlocalization and patterning of atomic matter waves via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (2D STIRAP) process. An atom initially prepared in its ground level interacts with a doughnut-shaped optical vortex pump beam and a traveling wave Stokes laser beam with a constant (top-hat) intensity profile in space. The beams are sent in a counter-intuitive temporal sequence, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump pulse. The atoms interacting with both the traveling wave and the vortex beam are transferred to a final state through the 2D STIRAP, while those located at the core of the vortex beam remain in the initial state, creating a super-narrow nanometer scale atomic spot in the spatial distribution of ground state atoms. By numerical simulations we show that the 2D STIRAP approach outperforms the established method of coherent population trapping, yielding much stronger confinement of atomic excitation. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that using such a method one can create 2D bright and dark solitonic structures in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The method allows one to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods for formation of localized solitons, with a full control over the position and size of nanometer resolution defects.