We have studied quantum phase transition induced by a quench in different one-dimensional spin systems. Our analysis is based on the dynamical mechanism which envisages nonadiabaticity in the vicinity of the critical point. This causes spin fluctuation which leads to the random fluctuation of the Berry phase factor acquired by a spin state when the ground state of the system evolves in a closed path. The two-point correlation of this phase factor is associated with the probability of the formation of defects. In this framework, we have estimated the density of defects produced in several one-dimensional spin chains. At the critical region, the entanglement entropy of a block of
L spins with the rest of the system is also estimated which is found to increase logarithmically with
L. The dependence on the quench time puts a constraint on the block size
L. It is also pointed out that the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model in point-splitting regularized form appears as a combination of the
XXX model and Ising model with magnetic field in the negative
z axis. This unveils the underlying conformal symmetry at criticality which is lost in the sharp point limit. Our analysis shows that the density of defects as well as the scaling behavior of the entanglement entropy follows a universal behavior in all these systems.
Low dimensional strongly correlated systems have great potential for new quantum devices. Among them, quantum wires are actively investigated with development of new methods based on self-organized formation. For magnetic wires (chains), impurity doping, which causes inhomogeneity of magnetic interaction, can bring new magnetic properties to the systems. In the present study, the effect of inhomogeneity (defect) on magnetic chains with bond alternation is focused on. Defects induce local moments in the magnetic chains at low temperatures. However, depending on the relation of the distance between the defects, the magnetic profile is found to be drastically changed.