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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Resonant atom-field interaction with few photons

R. K. Colegrave, Ursula A.T. Ramjit

Published Nov 1, 1989• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4371(89)90395-6

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We investigate few-photon ionization of lithium atoms prepared in the polarized $2p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}({m}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}=+1)$ state when subjected to femtosecond light pulses with left- or right-handed circular polarization at wavelengths between 665 and 920 nm. We consider whether ionization proceeds more favorably for the electric field co- or counter-rotating with the initial electronic current density. Strong asymmetries are found and quantitatively analyzed in terms of ``circular dichroism'' (CD). While the intensity dependence of the measured CD values is rather weak throughout the investigated regime, a very strong sensitivity on the center wavelength of the incoming radiation is observed. While the co-rotating situation overall prevails, the counter-rotating geometry is strongly favored around 800 nm due to the $2p\text{\ensuremath{-}}3s$ resonant transition, which can only be driven by counter-rotating fields. The observed features provide insights into the helicity dependence of light-atom interactions, and on the possible control of electron emission in atomic few-photon ionization by polarization-selective resonance enhancement.
The interaction of a model Rydberg atom with a single photon quantum field is investigated. The atom is considered in the model of 'several bound states+continuum', so that the field-induced ionization from initially populated Rydberg states as well as the resonance coupling with a lower-lying bound state are taken into account. The significant suppression of the ionization due to interference mechanism is established and strong entanglement with a quantum field subsystem is found. Methods to control the atomic behavior and to produce strongly entangled atom–photon states are suggested. The possibility to measure the degree of entanglement experimentally is demonstrated.
We experimentally investigate the nonlinear transmission spectrum of coherent light fields propagating through a Rydberg EIT medium with strong atomic interactions. In contrast to previous investigations, which have largely focused on resonant control fields, we explore here the full two-dimensional spectral response of the Rydberg gas. Our measurements confirm previously observed spectral features for a vanishing control-field detuning, but also reveal significant differences on two-photon resonance. In particular, we find qualitative deficiencies of mean-field models and rate-equation simulations as well as a third-order nonlinear susceptibility that accounts for pairwise interaction effects at low probe-field intensities in describing the nonlinear probe-field response under EIT conditions. Our results suggest that a more complete understanding of Rydberg EIT and emerging photon interactions requires to go beyond existing simplified models as well as few-photon theories.