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International Journal of Modern Physics B

p-ADIC HILBERT SPACE REPRESENTATION OF QUANTUM SYSTEMS WITH AN INFINITE NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Sergio A Albeverio, Andrew Khrennikov

Published Jun 30, 1996• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional p-adic spaces are introduced and the corresponding L2-spaces of p-adic valued square integrable functions are constructed. Representations of the infinite-dimensional Weyl group are realized in p-adic L2-spaces. p-adic Hilbert space representations of quantum Hamiltonians for systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom are constructed. Many Hamiltonians with potentials which are too singular to exist as functions over reals are realized as bounded symmetric operators in L2-spaces with respect to a p-adic Gaussian measure.

DOI
10.1142/s021797929600074x

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Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional p-adic spaces are introduced and the corresponding L2-spaces of p-adic valued square integrable functions are constructed. Representations of the infinite-dimensional Weyl group are realized in p-adic L2-spaces. p-adic Hilbert space representations of quantum Hamiltonians for systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom are constructed. Many Hamiltonians with potentials which are too singular to exist as functions over reals are realized as bounded symmetric operators in L2-spaces with respect to a p-adic Gaussian measure.
We construct a representation of the Weyl group in the p-adic Hilbert space of functions which are square integrable with respect to a p-adic valued Gaussian distribution. The operators corresponding to position and momentum are determined by groups of unitary operators with parameters restricted to some balls in the field of p-adic numbers. A surprising fact is that the radii of these balls are connected by `an uncertainty relation' which can be considered as a p-adic analogue of the Heisenberg uncertainty relations. The p-adic Hilbert space representation of the Weyl group is the basis for a calculus of pseudo-differential operators and for an operator quantization over p-adic numbers.
The standard C*-formalism of representations of commutations relations for systems of infinitely many degrees of freedom over a real numbers field is extended to the case of a p-adic numbers field. It is proved that any positive function on the Weyl algebra over a p-adic symplectic space is regular and restriction of the generating function of a state of the Weyl algebra on any nongenerate finite-dimensional subspace of p-adic symplectic space is continuous. Some nontrivial class of nonequivalent representations of commutations relations is described and analogies of Fock representations and representations with number operators are constructed. The criteria for the existence of free-field unitary quantization of symplectic transformations is given.
This review covers an important domain of p-adic mathematical physics — quantum mechanics with p-adic valued wave functions. We start with basic mathematical constructions of this quantum model: Hilbert spaces over quadratic extensions of the field of p-adic numbers ℚ p , operators — symmetric, unitary, isometric, one-parameter groups of unitary isometric operators, the p-adic version of Schrödinger’s quantization, representation of canonical commutation relations in Heisenberg andWeyl forms, spectral properties of the operator of p-adic coordinate.We also present postulates of p-adic valued quantization. Here observables as well as probabilities take values in ℚ p . A physical interpretation of p-adic quantities is provided through approximation by rational numbers.
The Weyl correspondence between classical and quantum observables is rigorously formulated for a linear mechanical system with a finite number of degrees of freedom. A multiplication of functions and a *-operation are introduced to make the Hilbert space of Lebesgue square-integrable complex-valued functions on phase space into a H*-algebra. The Weyl correspondence is realized as a *-isomorphism f → W(f) of this H*-algebra onto the H*-algebra of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on the Hilbert space of Lebesgue square-integrable complex-valued functions on configuration space. Moreover, the kernel of W(f) is exhibited in terms of a Fourier-Plancherel transform of f. Elementary properties of the Wigner quasiprobability density function and its characteristic function are deduced and used to obtain these results.
We propose a model of a quantum N-dimensional system (quNit) based on a quadratic extension of the non-Archimedean field of p-adic numbers. As in the standard complex setting, states and observables of a p-adic quantum system are implemented by suitable linear operators in a p-adic Hilbert space. In particular, owing to the distinguishing features of p-adic probability theory, the states of an N-dimensional p-adic quantum system are implemented by p-adic statistical operators, i.e., trace-one selfadjoint operators in the carrier Hilbert space. Accordingly, we introduce the notion of selfadjoint-operator-valued measure (SOVM)—a suitable p-adic counterpart of a POVM in a complex Hilbert space—as a convenient mathematical tool describing the physical observables of a p-adic quantum system. Eventually, we focus on the special case where N=2, thus providing a description of p-adic qubit states and 2-dimensional SOVMs. The analogies—but also the non-trivial differences—with respect to the qubit states of standard quantum mechanics are then analyzed.