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Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics

The critical properties of the two-dimensional xy model

J. Michael Kosterlitz

Published Mar 21, 1974• 2,879 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The critical properties of the xy model with nearest-neighbour interactions on a two-dimensional square lattice are studied by a renormalization group technique. The mean magnetization is zero for all temperatures, and the transition is from a state of finite to one of infinite susceptibility. The correlation length is found to diverge faster than any power of the deviation from the critical temperature. Analogues of the strong scaling laws are derived and the critical exponents, eta , and delta , are the same as for the two-dimensional Ising model.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3719/7/6/005

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The critical properties of the xy model with nearest-neighbour interactions on a two-dimensional square lattice are studied by a renormalization group technique. The mean magnetization is zero for all temperatures, and the transition is from a state of finite to one of infinite susceptibility. The correlation length is found to diverge faster than any power of the deviation from the critical temperature. Analogues of the strong scaling laws are derived and the critical exponents, eta , and delta , are the same as for the two-dimensional Ising model.
The phase transition for the spin systems described by the Hamiltonian H =-2 J ∑ < i , j > (ξ S i x S j x +η S i y S j y + S i z S j z )- g µ H ∑ i S i z is studied by means of the high-temperature series expansion of the zero field susceptibility. The first five terms in the susceptibility series are explicitly obtained for the two-dimensional square lattice in the cases of (i) 0≤ξ≤1, η=0 and (ii) 0≤ξ=η≤1. The critical temperature T c and the critical exponent γ (susceptibility) are obtained as functions of the spin S and the anisotropy parameter ξ. The critical temperature has a finite value in the XY model (ξ=1, η=0) as well as the Heisenberg model (ξ=η=1). The simple formulae expressing T c and γ valid for arbitrary S and ξ are proposed.
The partition functions for two-dimensional nearest neighbour Ising model in a non-zero magnetic field have been derived for finite square lattices with the help of graph theoretical procedures, show-bit algorithm, enumeration of configurations and transfer matrix methods. A new recurrence relation valid for all lattice sizes is proposed. A novel method of computing the critical temperature has been demonstrated. The magnetization and susceptibility for infinite lattices in the presence of magnetic field is estimated. The critical exponent δ pertaining to the magnetization has also been computed.
We calculate the high-temperature series of the magnetic susceptibility and the second and fourth moments of the correlation function for the XY model on the square lattice to order beta;{33} by applying the improved algorithm of the finite lattice method. The long series allow us to estimate the inverse critical temperature as beta_{c}=1.1200(1) , which is consistent with the most precise value given previously by the Monte Carlo simulation. The critical exponent for the multiplicative logarithmic correction is evaluated to be theta=0.054(10) , which is consistent with the renormalization group prediction of theta=1/16 .
The purpose of this article is to give an overview of results concerning ordering and critical properties of two-dimensional ferromagnets including the dipolar interaction.We investigate a two-dimensional xy-model extended by the dipolar interaction.Describing our system by a nonlinear σ-model and using renormalization group methods we predict a phase transition to an ordered state.This transition is due to the long-range dipolar interaction.The ferromagnetic phase is governed by a low temperature fixed-point with infinite dipolar coupling.In the critical regime we find exponential behavior for the correlation length and the order parameter in contrast to the usual power laws.The nature of the transition shows a striking similarity to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.We show that there is a whole class of longrange xy-models leading to such non-standard behavior.Parameterizing the divergencies in terms of the correlation length we are able to calculate the critical exponents.These exponents are correct in any loop order.