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American Journal of Physics

Agreement Between Classical and Quantum Mechanical Solutions for a Linear Potential Inside a One-Dimensional Infinite Potential Well

Terrance C. Dymski

Published Jan 1, 1968• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

For the special case in which the total energy is set equal to the classic maximum potential energy, the Schrödinger equation is solved in closed form and is normalized. It is shown that the expectation value of position is equal to the classical time average of position and that the expectation value of the square of the momentum is equal to the classical time average of the square of the momentum.

DOI
10.1119/1.1974411

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European Journal of Physics•Apr 2, 2020•6 citations
For the special case in which the total energy is set equal to the classic maximum potential energy, the Schrödinger equation is solved in closed form and is normalized. It is shown that the expectation value of position is equal to the classical time average of position and that the expectation value of the square of the momentum is equal to the classical time average of the square of the momentum.
In this paper we have solved analytically the Schrodinger equation for a microscopic particle in a one-dimensional box with two infinite walls, which the potential function inside it, has a linear form. Based on the solutions of this special quantum mechanical system, we have shown that as the quantum number approaches infinity the expectation values of microscopic particle position and square of the linear momentum are equal to the classical time average of particle position and its square of the linear momentum, respectively.
The classical solution is used as a variable for the one-dimensional quantum-mechanical oscillator, and this leads to a separable differential equation solvable in closed form which yields a set of new quantum mechanical solutions, not energy eigenfunctions, that have the property of being localized. These new solutions are shown to be eigenfunctions of a time-independent position operator. The operator algebra of that operator and an analogous momentum operator is given, as well as the relationship of the eigenfunctions to the energy eigenfunction set. The new eigenfunctions, which are not square integrable but possess a δ-function normalization, themselves represent wavepackets that at times corresponding to when the classical position is at an extremum collapse to Dirac δ functions.
Based on the Fourier transform of the position–space Schrödinger equation in a finite domain, a set of relations is derived among position moments linearly averaged over the wave function in that domain. The present results add nontrivial information for the structure of the Schrödinger equation, including the known relations for an infinite domain. A special case provides a regional form of the zero momentum energy expression, which measures the accuracy of wave functions in some specific region.
A simple procedure has been found for the general solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation (SE) with the help of quantization of potential area in one dimension without making any approximation. Energy values are not dependent on wave functions. So, to find the energy values, it is enough to find the classic turning points of the potential function. Two different solutions were obtained, namely, symmetric and antisymmetric in bound states. These normalized wave functions are always periodic. It is enough to take the integral of the square root of the potential energy function to find the normalized wave functions. If these calculations cannot be made analytically, they should then be performed by numerical methods. The SE has been solved for a particle in many one-dimension and the spherical symmetric central potential wells as examples. Their energies and normalized wave functions were found as examples. These solutions were also applied to the theories of scattering and alpha decay. The results obtained with the experimental values were compared with the calculated values. One was seen to be very fit.
Abstract We address an interesting problem in elementary quantum mechanics, namely how can one obtain the momentum state eigenfunctions for the infinite square well potential as a direct solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation in momentum space. The conventional method for obtaining the momentum state eigenfunctions for the infinite square well potential is to take the Fourier transform of the coordinate space eigenfunctions. Unfortunately, the Schrödinger equation in momentum space for the infinite well potential is not well-defined. As such we must use a potential whose Fourier transform is well-defined and then take a limit in which the potential approaches that of the infinite well potential. We present three approaches to the problem: one based on dimensional analysis, one in which the infinite well potential is viewed as the limit of a finite well whose depth approaches infinity, and one in which the infinite well potential is viewed as the limit of a power law potential in the limit that the power approaches infinity.