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Physical Review A

Nonlocal dispersion control of a single-photon waveform

So-Young Baek, Osung Kwon, Yoon-Ho Kim

Published Jul 10, 2008• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate explicitly that a single-photon waveform, conditionally prepared by detecting the trigger photon of the photon pair born in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, becomes broadened and chirped as the result of propagation through a single-mode optical fiber. The pulselike broadening of the single-photon waveform, due to the group velocity dispersion of the optical fiber, is shown to be controllable in a nonlocal way by spectrally filtering the trigger photon.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.013816

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We demonstrate explicitly that a single-photon waveform, conditionally prepared by detecting the trigger photon of the photon pair born in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, becomes broadened and chirped as the result of propagation through a single-mode optical fiber. The pulselike broadening of the single-photon waveform, due to the group velocity dispersion of the optical fiber, is shown to be controllable in a nonlocal way by spectrally filtering the trigger photon.
Nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping between frequency-entangled photon pairs generated with the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The spectral filtering pattern experienced by one photon in the photon pair will be non-locally mapped into the time domain when the other photon propagates inside a dispersion-compensation fiber with large group velocity dispersion. Our work, for the first time, points out that the spectral bandwidth of the pump laser will become the dominated factor preventing the improvement of the spectral resolution when the involved group velocity dispersion is large enough, which provides an excellent tool for characterizing the resolution of a nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping for further quantum information applications.
We experimentally demonstrate temporal shaping of a heralded single-photon wave packet, prepared by conditional measurement of the idler photon of the entangled photon pair in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The heralded single-photon wave packet for the signal photon, after being tailored with the help of chirp broadening and interference effects, was observed directly by measuring the time-correlated single-photon-counting histogram. We also demonstrate remote control of the temporal shaping effect by spectral filtering of the idler photon.
We present a study of the effects of dispersion on the properties of photon pairs generated by type-II collinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Specifically, we take into consideration the effects of a chirped pump, as well as of dispersive propagation of the photon pairs. We present expressions for the joint amplitude both in the spectral and temporal domains, as well as for the chronocyclic Wigner function of heralded single photons, which fully characterizes the single-photon spectral (temporal) properties. On the one hand, we show that unwanted effects of pump chirp in terms of the heralded single-photon duration can be suppressed for states designed to be factorable and spectrally elongated. On the other hand, we show that pump chirp constitutes an effective tool for the control of the degree of photon-pair entanglement. We show that when frequency-entangled photon pairs propagate through a dispersive medium, entanglement can ``migrate'' between the modulus and phase of the joint temporal amplitude.
Classically, two coincident light pulses propagating through two dispersive media will become broadened and their degree of coincidence will be reduced. When entangled photon pairs from parametric down-conversion are considered instead, it is found that the dispersion experienced by one photon can exactly cancel the dispersion experienced by the other in such a way that their coincidence is maintained. The dispersion cancellation is independent of the separation between the two photons and provides a further example of the nonlocal nature of the quantum theory.