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Applied Physics Letters

Isotope separation by radiation pressure of coherent π pulses

Harry Friedmann, A D Wilson

Published Mar 1, 1976• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Limitations of existing methods of isotope separation, using atomic beam deflection induced by radiation pressure, are discussed. A new method, based on selective momentum transfer by intense unchirped reflected laser pulses, is proposed. The pulses produce population inversion in one isotope leaving the other unaffected. This population inversion is obtained using isotope selective optical precession. The method is supported by the full solution of the equations of motion of a two-level atom interacting with realistic light pulses of arbitrary strength.

DOI
10.1063/1.88731

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Quantum Electronics•Jul 31, 1995•4 citations
Limitations of existing methods of isotope separation, using atomic beam deflection induced by radiation pressure, are discussed. A new method, based on selective momentum transfer by intense unchirped reflected laser pulses, is proposed. The pulses produce population inversion in one isotope leaving the other unaffected. This population inversion is obtained using isotope selective optical precession. The method is supported by the full solution of the equations of motion of a two-level atom interacting with realistic light pulses of arbitrary strength.
We propose a method of laser isotope separation based on the phenomenon of adiabatic inversion and illustrate the method in a multilevel system consisting of a single ground state and multiplet excited states. In this model, population may be transferred from the ground state to one of the excited manifolds with nearly 100% efficiency by using laser pulses, the envelope of which rises slowly and then decays rapidly on an internal time scale that can be precisely calculated. Adiabatic inversion in this model is strongly dependent on the laser frequency, thus permitting separation of isotopes by faking advantage of small shifts in molecular or atomic energy level spacings. The criterion that determines whether a laser pulse is adiabatic also depends strongly on the laser frequency and thereby enhances the separation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with a solution of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a specific model of two isotopes.
We deflected a well-collimated beam of krypton atoms in the metastable ls5 state by radiation pressure from a single-frequency dye laser. To produce the radiation pressure, we resonantly excited the krypton atoms, using the 1s5–2p9 transition. The natural width of this transition is much smaller than its isotope shift, which allowed us to deflect one isotope at a time. This created a new isotopically enriched atomic beam of Kr(1s5). We achieved a maximum enrichment factor of 1.2 × 104 at a deflection angle of 19 mrad. This enrichment is limited mainly by scattering of the parent atomic beam by residual gas. This degree of enrichment may make it possible to perform sensitive measurements of the concentrations of rare krypton isotopes in environmental samples.
A theoretical investigation is made of the photoionisation of a three-level medium intended for laser isotope separation. The results show that the highest ionisation efficiency can be achieved by dividing the process into two stages: coherent population inversion and photoionisation. A study is made of the possibility of inversion of three-level systems for various detunings of the laser frequencies from the radiative transition frequencies. It is shown that there are detunings for which the population of the third level is maximal for any a priori selected parameters of the medium and field. Such detunings lie near a two-photon resonance and depend on the energy density and duration of the laser pulses, and also on the dipole moments of the transitions. The suitability of this method in the case of inhomogeneously broadened optically dense media is considered. It is shown that the method is most efficient in the case of counterpropagating laser pulses. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated for ytterbium.