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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Calculation of resonant polarization plane rotation effects in alkaline atoms using quasi-energetic-state treatment

T. Ya. Karagodova

Published May 3, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The calculation of quasi energies for atoms in strong resonance radiation fields and magnetic field as functions of detunings permits one to define whether or not the saturation due to the pump or probe field occurs. Where there is no saturation due to the probe field, different types of rotation of polarization plane of the probe field in alkaline atoms are calculated.

DOI
10.1117/12.175148

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The calculation of quasi energies for atoms in strong resonance radiation fields and magnetic field as functions of detunings permits one to define whether or not the saturation due to the pump or probe field occurs. Where there is no saturation due to the probe field, different types of rotation of polarization plane of the probe field in alkaline atoms are calculated.
The method of computer simulations on nonlinear resonant magneto-optical effects developed for real multi-level atoms in the two laser fields of arbitrary intensity and external magnetic field is applied for the polarization effects of different types calculations and investigations of the dependence of the characteristics of these effects on magnetic field strength, intensities, polarizations and detunings of laser fields for alkaline atoms. The essence of the method consists in simulations and analysis of the plots of dependence of quasienergies on parameters (detunings and intensities of radiation fields, magnetic field strength), which are obtained with the help of sorting subprogram, and selection of suitable algorithms for calculations of characteristics of nonlinear resonant magneto-optical effects. One-photon and two photon resonant effects are investigated for wide range of magnetic field strength from Zeeman to Paschen Back effects. Some new features in the spectra of rotation of plane of polarization and circular dicohroizm of different types are predicted. The results show the agreement with known experiments. Such calculations of nonlinear resonant magneto-optical effects in the intense laser fields resonant to adjacent transitions and magnetic field show the opportunity of investigation the modifications of electronic structure due to intense radiation fields and strong external magnetic field in atomic gases and also may be used for the treatment of new methods of phase-polarization selection of modes of tunable lasers.
The numerical analyses of polarization phenomena is developed for the radiation fields resonant with the transitions nS1/2-nP1/2,3/2 and nP1/2,3/2 -- (n+2)S1/2 of alkaline atoms. The method of computer simulation of nonlinear resonant polarization phenomena is used, which is based on the solution of the problem of interaction of the real multilevel atom with two laser fields of arbitrary intensity and polarization and with a constant magnetic field. This method is known to be successful applied for the investigation of the polarization phenomena in the atomic gases of the alkaline atoms Na and K. In present paper the whole alkaline group is considered. The represented spectra of rotation of plane of polarization are appear to be qualitatively different for different atoms since atom fine- structure intervals differ very much from each other. The obtained spectra for Rb are in good agreement with the experimental spectra.
The method of computer simulations on nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects developed for real multi-level atoms in the two laser fields of arbitrary intensity and external magnetic field is applied for the polarization effects of different types calculations and investigations of the dependence of the characteristics of these effects on magnetic field strength, intensities, polarization and detunings of laser fields for alkaline atoms. The essence of the method consists in simulations and analysis of the plots of dependence of quasi energies on parameters, which are obtained with the help of sorting subprogram, and selection of suitable algorithms for calculations of characteristics of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects. One photon and two photon resonant effects are investigated for wide range of magnetic field strength from Zeeman to Paschen Back effects. Some new features in the spectra of rotation of plane of polarization and circular dichroism of different types are predicted. The results show the agreement with known experiments. Such calculations of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects in the intense laser fields resonant to adjacent transitions and magnetic field show the opportunity of investigation the modifications of electronic structure due to intense radiation fields and strong external magnetic field in atomic gases and also may be used for the treatment of new methods of phase-polarization selection of modes of tunable lasers.
Rotation of polarization plane of a probe signal under influence of a time-advanced intense pulse is investigated taking into account optical pumping of atoms in a resonant medium. A formula is derived for the angle of rotation of polarization plane of the probe signal. It follows from this formula that modification of the polarization plane is caused by two processes: radiative decay of atoms and collision-induced redistribution of atoms over magnetic sublevels. It is shown that this method enables direct measuring long times of atomic collisions on the background of short times of the radiation decay.
A theory of saturation spectroscopy is developed which accounts for effects of level degeneracy. The theory can be applied to those situations in which a pump laser field of arbitrary strength and polarization acts between two manifolds of degenerate or nearly degenerate atomic levels, while a probe laser field of arbitrary strength and polarization acts between a coupled manifold of levels. As such, this theory of "three-level" systems could, in principle, include effects arising from level degeneracy, optical pumping, atomic motion, transient laser fields, different polarizations and strengths for pump and probe fields, and atomic transit across the laser fields. The present calculation, however, is limited to a study of optical pumping and field polarization effects for pump fields of arbitrary strength and weak probe fields interacting with a single velocity subclass of atoms. Probe absorption line shapes clearly display the effects of pump-field strength (Rabi splittings), pump-field polarization (positions and number of Rabi-split resonance peaks), pump-field detuning (positions of resonance peaks), and optical pumping (relative strengths of the resonance peaks). The calculation is carried out with the use of an irreducible tensor basis for the atomic density matrix although a standard (mmm-basis) calculation is included in an appendix.