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Chemical Physics Letters

On the gauge invariance of transition probabilities

Saul T. Epstein

Published Sep 1, 1979• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0009-2614(79)80262-6

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For pt.I see ibid., vol.15, p.1201 (1982). The author formulates a manifestly gauge-invariant time-dependent perturbation theory for a nonrelativistic spinless charged particle interacting with a classical external electromagnetic radiation field. The treatment of the degenerate bound states and the states in the continuum is considered. It is found that the gauge-invariant and the conventional perturbative solutions agree on the net transition rates but disagree on the transition amplitudes and transition probabilities. The treatment of a realistic physical system can be obtained by combining the treatment here with that for a nondegenerate system.