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Advances in Space Research

Compact frequency standard using atoms trapped on a chip

F. Ramírez-Martínez, Clément Lacroûte, P. Rosenbusch, Friedemann Reinhard, Christian Deutsch, T. Schneider, Jakob Reichel

Published Apr 22, 2010• 16 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.014

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We construct a compact experimental apparatus for producing high-repetition-rate ultra cold 87Rb atom based on an external atom chip. Initially, we produce an atomic flux from a 2D+ MOT (magneto-optical trap) in a nearly isolated 2D+ MOT chamber and improve the flux by adjusting the cooling beam detuning of the 2D+ MOT. The flux is trapped in the 3D MOT for 1.2 s and is further cooled by performing compressing the MOT for 20 ms and using polarization gradient cooling for 6.2 ms. After optical pumping into the 5S F = 2 (m F = 2) ground state, we transport atoms toward the chip surface by performing external Z coil trapping. At 1 mm below the chip surface, the external Z coil trap is completely switched to an atom chip trap by using a Z wire and a dimple wire on the chip with external bias fields. The transport and the switching take totally 520 ms. The number of atoms trapped on the atom chip is measured to be about 2 × 107. After the atoms has been compressed for 100 ms to increase trap frequencies, we perform RF evaporative cooling in the RF frequency range from 32 MHz to 6.82 MHz for 2.4 seconds. The final number of atoms in the atomic cloud after RF cooling is 1.2 × 105 atoms, and we are able to observe some Bose-Einstein condensation. The repetition rate for producing the condensation is 0.234 Hz. In this paper, we describe our experimental apparatus and processes.
This study investigates the application of miniature quantum references within small-scale optical atomic frequency standards, utilizing a diminutive 87 Rb glass cell, dimensions of 6 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm, to establish a quantum frequency standard.By employing the transition spectrum from 5 2 S 1/2 F = 2 to 5 2 P 3/2 F 0 =3, this study successfully demonstrates the development of a compact rubidium atomic optical frequency standard via modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS).Subsequent to frequency stabilization, the 780 nm clock laser exhibits a linewidth of 6.9 kHz, and its out-of-loop short-term stability reaches 4.1 × 10 -13 @ 1 s, as confirmed through beat frequency analysis.This research not only provides a practical blueprint for the development of small optical atomic frequency standards but also lays down essential groundwork for future advancements in chip-level optical frequency standard technologies.
Abstract We propose a new miniature Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) system based on a transparent atom chip with a compact external coil structure. A standard six-beam macroscopic magneto-optical trap (MOT) is able to be created near the chip surface due to the chip’s transparency. A novel wire pattern consisting of a double-z wire and a z-shaped wire is designed on the transparent atom chip. With a vertical bias magnetic field, the double-z wire can create the quadrupole magnetic field of an intermediate chip MOT, which is suitable for transporting atoms from the macroscopic MOT to the chip z-wire trap efficiently. The compact external coil structure is designed with a rectangular frameless geometry consisting of only four coil pairs and its volume is less than 0.3 liters. The maximum system power consumption during the BEC generation procedure is about 45 W. The miniature system is evaluated, and about 3 × 10 6 atoms can be loaded into the chip z-wire trap. The miniature chip BEC system has the advantages of small volume and low power consumption, and it has great potential for practical applications of BEC.