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Optics Communications

Optical bistability via coherent and incoherent fields in an Er3+-doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet crystal

Zhiping Wang

Published May 6, 2010• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2010.04.040

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Scientific Reports•Mar 4, 2020•26 citations
A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. It is found that the separation of the two absorption peaks and the maximum value of index of refraction with zero absorption can be adjusted by changing the coherent field and the incoherent pumping. It is shown that a higher index of refraction with zero absorption can be easily obtained when the coherent field is off resonance.
Abstract A coherently prepared Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level ionic configuration is exploited for realizing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs). Owing to the probe gain induced by the incoherent pump, the diffraction efficiency of the crystal grating, especially the first-order diffraction, can be significantly improved via increasing the incoherent pumping rate or decreasing the probe detuning. The enhancement of the grating diffraction efficiency originates from the interference between the gain and phase gratings. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction of the crystal grating can be dynamically controlled via tuning the intensity and detuning of the standing-wave driving field or the concentration of Er3+ ion. More importantly, the probe energy of the diffraction side lobes around the central principle maximum is comparable to that of the first-order diffraction field for small driving intensity or large driving detuning. Our scheme may provide a possibility for the active all-optical control of optical switching, routing and storage in fiber communication wavelengths.