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Journal of Physics D Applied Physics

The performance of a quantum heat engine working with spin systems

Jincan Chen, Bihong Lin, Ben Hua

Published Aug 7, 2002• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is considered that the cycle of a quantum heat engine working with many non-interacting spin-½ systems is composed of two isothermal and two isomagnetic field processes. The performance of the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach. The general expressions of the efficiency and power output are given. The regenerative losses in two isomagnetic field processes are calculated. The influence of non-perfect regeneration is analysed. Some interesting cases are discussed in detail. The results obtained are further generalized, so that they may be directly used to describe the performance of the quantum heat engine using spin- J systems as the working substance.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3727/35/16/322

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It is considered that the cycle of a quantum heat engine working with many non-interacting spin-½ systems is composed of two isothermal and two isomagnetic field processes. The performance of the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach. The general expressions of the efficiency and power output are given. The regenerative losses in two isomagnetic field processes are calculated. The influence of non-perfect regeneration is analysed. Some interesting cases are discussed in detail. The results obtained are further generalized, so that they may be directly used to describe the performance of the quantum heat engine using spin- J systems as the working substance.
It is considered that the cycle of a quantum heat engine using many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems as the working substance is composed of two adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes and is referred to as a spin quantum Brayton engine cycle. Based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach, expressions for the efficiency and power output of the cycle are derived. By using numerical solutions, the power output of the heat engine subject to finite cycle duration is optimized. The maximum power output and the corresponding parameters are calculated numerically. The optimal region of the efficiency and the optimal ranges of temperatures of the working substance and times spent on the two isomagnetic field processes are determined, so that the general optimum performance characteristics of the cycle are revealed. Moreover, the optimal performance of the cycle in the high-temperature limit is also analysed in detail. The results obtained here are further generalized, so that they may be directly used to describe the performance of a quantum Brayton heat engine using spin-J systems as the working substance.
An irreversible cycle model of a quantum heat engine with internal friction is established, which is composed of two adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes. The working substance of the cycle consists of an ensemble of many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems. Based on a quantum master equation and semi-group approach, the general performance characteristics of the heat engine are investigated. The general expressions for several important parameters, such as the efficiency, power output, and rate of the entropy production, are derived. The performance of the cycle is optimized with respect to the temperatures of the working substance. By numerical solutions, the maximum power output and the corresponding parameters are calculated. The optimal regions of efficiency, temperatures of the working substance, and cycle period are determined. Moreover, the performance of the heat engine in the frictionless case is obtained, which is different from that in the friction case. Finally, the results obtained are generalized to the performance optimization of the heat engine working with spin-J systems.
The cycle model of a regenerative quantum heat engine working with many noninteracting harmonic oscillators is established. The cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant-frequency processes. The performance of the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and semigroup approach. The inherent regenerative losses in the two constant-frequency processes are calculated. The expressions of several important performance parameters such as the efficiency, power output, and rate of the entropy production are derived for several interesting cases. Especially, the optimal performance of the cycle in high-temperature limit is discussed in detail. The maximum power output and the corresponding parameters are calculated. The optimal region of the efficiency and the optimal ranges of the temperatures of the working substance in the two isothermal processes are determined.
A new model of a quantum heat engine cycle is established in which the working substance consists of many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems.Performance characteristics of the cycle and time evolution of the spin angular momentum are investigated,based on the quantum master equation and a semi-group approach.The general expressions of efficiency and power output are derived.Further,at high temperatures the optimal relations of efficiency and power output are studied in detail.Optimal performance of heat engine cycles is analyzed from a microscopic model.
The purpose of this paper is to present a study of finite-time thermodynamics applied to evaluate the ecological performance of a quantum heat engine which operates between two thermal reservoirs using the working substance of spin-1/2 systems. The quantum heat engine cycle is composed of two isothermal processes, an adiabatic process and an isomagnetic field process. A sequence of time evolution was determined from the quantum angular momentum rate based on the semigroup approach and the quantum master equation. The individual time duration is added to account for the total cycle time. The objective ecological function representing a compromise between power output and irreversibility is maximized with respect to cycle temperature ratio. Effects of thermal reservoir temperature ratio and magnetic field ratio on the ecological function have been discussed. A comparison of quantum heat engine performance under maximum ecological function and maximum power conditions is also presented.
The cycle model of a quantum refrigerator composed of two isothermal and two isomagnetic field processes is established. The working substance in the cycle consists of many noninteracting spin-1/2 systems. The performance of the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and semigroup approach. The general expressions of several important performance parameters, such as the coefficient of performance, cooling rate, and power input, are given. Especially, the case at high temperatures is analyzed in detail. The results obtained are further generalized and discussed, so that they may be directly used to describe the performance of the quantum refrigerator using spin-J systems as the working substance. Finally, the optimum characteristics of the quantum Carnot refrigerator are derived simply.