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Acta chemica Scandinavica/Acta chemica Scandinavica. B, Organic chemistry and biochemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. A, Physical and inorganic chemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. Series B. Organic chemistry and biochemistry/Acta chemica Scandinavica. Series A, Physical and inorganic chemistry

Absorption of Circularly Polarized Light by the 2E <- 4A2 and 2T2 <- 4A2 Transitions in Ruby in Strong Magnetic Fields. II.

I. Trabjerg, Erik Larsen, J. E. Moreira, O. Faurskov Nielsen, Ulf Skoglund

Published Jan 1, 1975• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3891/acta.chem.scand.29a-0817

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The spectral character of the stimulated emission from ruby has been investigated; we found that the zero-field splitting (0.38 cm−1) of the 4A2 ground level and the cavity optical length and its reflectivity determine the spectral character of this emission. At 300°K the system is induced into oscillation in a number of cavity modes separated by Δv = (2le12)−1, where l is the length of the resonator and e12 is the index of refraction for the ordinary ray. At T≅80°K the Ē(2E) → ±32(A2) and the Ē(2E) → ±12(4A2) transitions were identified in the stimulated emission spectrum. Each can oscillate in an axial cavity mode (or modes) plus an off-axis mode at the center of the transition. At 4.2°K the system oscillates in off-axis modes, unless the length of the cavity l is such that it has axial resonances coincident with the transition frequencies. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the oscillation threshold for the separate transitions is presented and is compared with the observed behavior.

Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 1964•0 citations
We report on the observation of slow light induced by transient spectral hole-burning in a solid, that is based on excited-state population storage. Experiments were conducted in the R1-line (2E←4A2 transition) of a 2.3 mm thick pink ruby (Al2O3:Cr(III) 130 ppm). Importantly, the pulse delay can be controlled by the application of a low external magnetic field B||c≤9 mT and delays of up to 11 ns with minimal pulse distortion are observed for ~55 ns Gaussian pulses. The delay corresponds to a group velocity value of ~c/1400. The experiment is very well modelled by linear spectral filter theory and the results indicate the possibility of using transient hole-burning based slow light experiments as a spectroscopic technique.
Lasing without population inversion was studied in a three-level solid state medium of ruby. The two closely-spaced lower levels are the Zeeman split sublevels of the ground state 4A2 of ruby, corresponding to M=−3/2 and M=+l/2. The transition between the lower levels is the electric dipole-forbidden. When the angle between the constant magnetic field and C-axis of ruby is 90°, the transition matrix element of the electric dipole-forbidden transition is quite large.1 A strong microwave field which operates at K-band coherently couples the two lower levels.2 Changing the constant magnetic field intensity or adjusting the frequency of the pumping microwave field, the exact resonant excitation can be established. The upper level of the lasing process is the Zeeman split sub-level M=−l/2 of 2E state. The ruby crystal, with about 0.05% chromium concentration, is placed at the center of a cylindrical cavity and cooled by liquid helium. With 500 Gauss magnetic field, the coupling microwave frequency is 13.1 Ghz and the required power is around 100 W/cm2.
The spectral character of the stimulated emission from ruby has been investigated; we found that the zero-field splitting (0.38 cm−1) of the 4A2 ground level and the cavity optical length and its reflectivity determine the spectral character of this emission. At 300°K the system is induced into oscillation in a number of cavity modes separated by Δv = (2le12)−1, where l is the length of the resonator and e12 is the index of refraction for the ordinary ray. At T≅80°K the Ē(2E) → ±32(A2) and the Ē(2E) → ±12(4A2) transitions were identified in the stimulated emission spectrum. Each can oscillate in an axial cavity mode (or modes) plus an off-axis mode at the center of the transition. At 4.2°K the system oscillates in off-axis modes, unless the length of the cavity l is such that it has axial resonances coincident with the transition frequencies. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the oscillation threshold for the separate transitions is presented and is compared with the observed behavior.