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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Examples, problems, and results in effect algebras

Stanley Gudder

Published Nov 1, 1996• 31 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02302453

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Let $E$ be an effect algebra and $E_S$ be the set of all sharp elements of $E$. $E$ is said to be sharply dominating if for each $a\in E$ there exists a smallest element $\widehat{a}\in E_s$ such that $a\leq \widehat{a}$. In 2002, Professors Gudder and Greechie proved that each $\sigma$-sequential effect algebra is sharply dominating. In 2005, Professor Gudder presented 25 open problems in International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 44, 2199-2205, the 3th problem asked: Is each sequential effect algebra sharply dominating? Now, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.

•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
A sequential effect algebra (E,0,1,⊕,∘)(E,0,1, \oplus, \circ)(E,0,1,⊕,∘) is an effect algebra on which a sequential product ∘\circ∘ with certain physics properties is defined, in particular, sequential effect algebra is an important model for studying quantum measurement theory. In 2005, Gudder asked the following problem: If a,b∈(E,0,1,⊕,∘)a, b\in (E,0,1,\oplus, \circ)a,b∈(E,0,1,⊕,∘) and a⊥ba\bot ba⊥b and a∘b⊥a∘ba\circ b\bot a\circ ba∘b⊥a∘b, is it the case that 2(a∘b)≤a2⊕b22(a\circ b)\leq a^2\oplus b^22(a∘b)≤a2⊕b2 ? In this paper, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.
Let EEE be an effect algebra and ESE_SES​ be the set of all sharp elements of EEE. EEE is said to be sharply dominating if for each a∈Ea\in Ea∈E there exists a smallest element a^∈Es\widehat{a}\in E_sa∈Es​ such that a≤a^a\leq \widehat{a}a≤a. In 2002, Professors Gudder and Greechie proved that each σσσ-sequential effect algebra is sharply dominating. In 2005, Professor Gudder presented 25 open problems in International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 44, 2199-2205, the 3th problem asked: Is each sequential effect algebra sharply dominating? Now, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.
Let EEE be an effect algebra and ESE_SES​ be the set of all sharp elements of EEE. EEE is said to be sharply dominating if for each a∈Ea\in Ea∈E there exists a smallest element a^∈Es\widehat{a}\in E_sa∈Es​ such that a≤a^a\leq \widehat{a}a≤a. In 2002, Professors Gudder and Greechie proved that each σ\sigmaσ-sequential effect algebra is sharply dominating. In 2005, Professor Gudder presented 25 open problems in International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 44, 2199-2205, the 3th problem asked: Is each sequential effect algebra sharply dominating? Now, we construct an example to answer the problem negatively.