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American Journal of Physics

Why the classical–quantal dualism is still with us

C. H. Woo

Published Oct 1, 1986• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Through a series of short steps we try to make clear why the classical–quantal dualism is still indispensable, despite the advances in our understanding of quantum physics.
DOI
10.1119/1.14793

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Quantum Mechanics is one of the most fundamental and intellectually profound branches of modern physics. It provides the theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic scales and forms the basis for numerous advancements in science and technology, including semiconductor devices, lasers, nanotechnology, quantum computing, and quantum communication. Despite its abstract nature, quantum mechanics remains indispensable for explaining physical phenomena that cannot be addressed by classical physics. This book, Quantum Mechanics, has been written with the primary objective of presenting the subject in a clear, logical, and student-friendly manner, while maintaining the necessary mathematical rigor and conceptual depth. The text is designed to bridge the gap between classical physics and quantum theory, guiding readers through the evolution of ideas that led to the development of quantum mechanics and its modern interpretations. The book begins with an introduction to the historical background and foundational principles of quantum theory, highlighting the limitations of classical mechanics and the emergence of quantum concepts such as wave–particle duality and quantization. It then systematically develops the mathematical framework of quantum mechanics, including the Schrödinger equation, wave functions, operators, eigenvalue problems, and measurement theory. Key quantum systems and applications are discussed with careful attention to physical interpretation and problem-solving strategies. Special emphasis has been placed on clarity of explanation, step-by-step derivations, and the use of illustrative examples to help students develop a strong conceptual understanding. Each chapter is organized in a structured manner to support effective learning and includes solved problems and exercises that reinforce theoretical concepts and analytical skills. This book is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of physics, engineering, and allied disciplines, and it will also serve as a useful reference for educators and researchers. The content has been aligned with standard university curricula and is suitable for both classroom instruction and self-study. It is the author’s sincere hope that this book will make the study of quantum mechanics more accessible and intellectually rewarding, encouraging readers to develop a deeper appreciation for the quantum nature of the physical world. Constructive feedback and suggestions from readers are welcome and will be valuable for improving future editions of this book.
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Henry Stapp is well known for his advanced views of Quantum Physics and particularly for development of the view that the mind of the observer is intimately involved in the collapse of the wave function when an observation is made. He expands this view to a cosmic mind conceptualization that, in common with much of Quantum Physics, seems to challenge the bounds of rational logic. My own work has been in developing an Emergent Aspect Dualism of the nature of the universe that attempts to build a coherent philosophy of the mental and quantal complexities on an entirely rational basis. Yet, there are numerous points of contact between the two philosophies in the dual aspects of the nature of mind, the interrogative nature of consciousness, the elimination of the physical collapse of the wavefunction, and the creative emergence of the physical complexity of the universe. Where the philosophies diverge is in conceptualizing the existence of a cosmic mind underlying the organization of the physical universe; for Emergent Aspect Dualism the only form of cosmic mind could be the universe itself, operating at a cosmic time scale.