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Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics

Tripartite Entanglement in Coupled Three-Wave Interactions

A. S. Chirkin, M. Yu. Saygin

Published Nov 1, 2006• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1556/aph.26.2006.1-2.9

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gr-qcCross-listedarXiv:2609.24428•Sep 22, 2026•0 citations
In this paper we consider the case that three identical two-level atoms are trapped in a single-mode cavity which is in a weak coherent state initially, and there is an interaction between two atoms. The tripartite entanglement dynamics among atoms is studied. The influences of atom-atom coupling constant and intensity of the cavity field on the tripartite entanglement among atoms are discussed. The results obtained using the numerical method show that the tripartite entanglement among atoms is strengthened with the increase of intensity of the cavity field; on the other hand, it is weakened with the increase of the coupling constant between atoms.
We theoretically propose a method to generate tripartite entanglement of three mechanical oscillators in an optomechanical array. We consider a system comprised of three bichromatically driven optomechanical systems which are coupled to each other via Coulomb interaction of the mechanical oscillators. We show that, for small Coulomb coupling strength, steady tripartite entanglement of the three mechanical oscillators with time periodicity can be generated due to the combined effect of the two-tone drivings and the Coulomb coupling. At large Coulomb coupling strength, the tripartite entanglement exhibits steady entanglement sudden death and revival. The duration of entanglement death during one period can be controlled by the Coulomb coupling strength. The tripartite entanglement is robust against the mechanical thermal noise. Our paper provides us a route for exploring and exploiting controllable and robust multipartite entanglement among macroscopic mechanical oscillators.
We demonstrate the existence of genuine tripartite non-Gaussian entanglement in a quantum gravitational system formed by a quantum harmonic oscillator coupled to a single frequency of a quantized gravitational wave. For this purpose, we introduce an entanglement witness, well suited for the graviton-matter interaction Hamiltonian analyzed here. We show that the witness is nonzero for the three-mode states generated by the Hamiltonian when the system starts in the ground state, thus proving the generation of genuine multipartite quantum entanglement at the most fundamental level of theoretical graviton-matter interactions.
We investigate the harvesting of genuine tripartite entanglement by three linearly arranged Unruh-DeWitt detectors locally coupled to a massless scalar field in a gravitational wave background. We show that gravitational waves play a dual role in entanglement harvesting, either enhancing or suppressing the harvested entanglement depending on the system parameters. In particular, genuine tripartite entanglement exhibits a pronounced nonmonotonic response to the gravitational wave frequency, characterized by successive suppression, enhancement resembling resonance, and renewed suppression, while approaching its corresponding value in Minkowski spacetime in the regime of high frequencies. Its dependence on the detector separation is also nonmonotonic, displaying local enhancement peaks that are absent in the corresponding bipartite entanglement behavior. Compared with bipartite entanglement, genuine tripartite entanglement therefore exhibits a higher sensitivity to gravitational wave perturbations in both the frequency and spatial domains. These results suggest that genuine tripartite entanglement may provide a sensitive quantum probe of spacetime perturbations induced by gravitational waves.