Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

The European Physical Journal D

Formation of $\mathsf{NO(j' = 7.5)}$ molecules with sub-kelvin translational energy via molecular beam collisions with argon using the technique of molecular cooling by inelastic collisional energy-transfer

Michael S. Elioff, James J. Valentini, David W. Chandler

Published Nov 1, 2004• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2004-00158-3

Related papers

Formation of NO(j'=7.5) molecules with sub-kelvin translational energy via molecular beam collisions with argon using the technique of Molecular Cooling by Inelastic Collisional Energy-Transfer (M.C. ICE-T).

Michael S. Elioff, James J. Valentini, David W. Chandler

We report the cooling of nitric oxide molecules in a single collision between an argon atom and an NO molecule at collision energies of 5.65 {+-} 0.36 kJ/mol and 14.7 {+-} 0.9 kJ/mol in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. We have produced in significant numbers ({approx}10{sup 8} molecules cm{sup -3} per quantum state) translationally cold NO({sup 2}{Pi}{sub 1/2}, {nu}' = 0, j' = 7.5) molecules in a specific quantum state with an upper-limit laboratory-frame rms velocity of 14.8 {+-} 1.1 m/s, corresponding to a temperature of 406 {+-} 28 mK. The translational cooling results from the kinematic collapse of the velocity distribution of the NO molecules after collision. Increasing the collision energy by increasing the velocity of the argon atoms, as we do here, does shift the scattering angle at which the cold molecules appear, but does not result in an experimentally measurable change in the velocity spread of the cold NO. This is entirely consistent with our analysis of the kinematics of the scattering which predicts that the velocity spread will actually decrease with increasing argon atom velocity.

•Jun 1, 2004•0 citations

Collisional cooling of ultracold molecules

Hyungmok Son, Juliana Park, Wolfgang Ketterle +1 more

arXiv:1907.09630•Nature•Apr 8, 2020•112 citations

Collisional cooling of ultracold molecules

Hyungmok Son, Juliana Park, Wolfgang Ketterle +1 more

•Jul 1, 2019•42 citations

Subkelvin Cooling NO Molecules via "Billiard-like" Collisions with Argon

Michael S. Elioff, James J. Valentini, David W. Chandler

We report the cooling of nitric oxide using a single collision between an argon atom and a molecule of NO. We have produced significant numbers (108 to 109 molecules per cubic centimeter per quantum state) of translationally cold NO molecules in a specific quantum state with an upper-limit root mean square laboratory velocity of 15 plus or minus 1 meters per second, corresponding to a 406 plus or minus 23 millikelvin upper limit of temperature, in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. The technique, which relies on a kinematic collapse of the velocity distributions of the molecular beams for the scattering events that produce cold molecules, is general and independent of the energy of the colliding partner.

Science•Dec 11, 2003•173 citations

Buffer gas cooled beams and cold molecular collisions

David Patterson

•Jan 1, 2010•3 citations

Crossed-beam studies of aluminum atom cooling via inelastic collisions with O2 molecules

Dong Yan, Yujie Ma, Ang Xu +5 more

The pioneering works have demonstrated that the method of single collisions in crossed molecular beams is an important technique for achieving kinetic cool-ing of atoms or molecules in specific rotational states. In this study, we investigated the elastic and inelastic collisions between Al(2P1/2) metal atoms and O2 molecules at high collision energies in the range of 6.4–14.8 kcal/mol, utilizing the laser-ablation crossed beams in conjunction with time-sliced ion velocity map imaging tech-nique. We observed kinetic cooling of Al(2P1/2) atoms with an upper-limit laboratory-frame root-mean-square velocity of 24±3 m/s, corresponding to a translational temperature of 0.9±0.2 K in the laboratory frame, facilitated by the vibrational excitation of O2 (v′ = 1) in inelastic collisions. The translational cooling of Al atoms in the lab frame enhanced detection probability in the transformation of density-to-flux, as evidenced by the scattering images obtained during the experiments.

Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics•Jun 3, 2025•1 citation
Formation of NO(j′=7.5)\mathsf{NO(j' = 7.5)}NO(j′=7.5) molecules with sub-kelvin translational energy via molecular beam collisions with argon using the technique of molecular cooling by inelastic collisional energy-transfer
We report the cooling of nitric oxide molecules in a single collision between an argon atom and an NO molecule at collision energies of 5.65 {+-} 0.36 kJ/mol and 14.7 {+-} 0.9 kJ/mol in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. We have produced in significant numbers ({approx}10{sup 8} molecules cm{sup -3} per quantum state) translationally cold NO({sup 2}{Pi}{sub 1/2}, {nu}' = 0, j' = 7.5) molecules in a specific quantum state with an upper-limit laboratory-frame rms velocity of 14.8 {+-} 1.1 m/s, corresponding to a temperature of 406 {+-} 28 mK. The translational cooling results from the kinematic collapse of the velocity distribution of the NO molecules after collision. Increasing the collision energy by increasing the velocity of the argon atoms, as we do here, does shift the scattering angle at which the cold molecules appear, but does not result in an experimentally measurable change in the velocity spread of the cold NO. This is entirely consistent with our analysis of the kinematics of the scattering which predicts that the velocity spread will actually decrease with increasing argon atom velocity.
We report the cooling of nitric oxide using a single collision between an argon atom and a molecule of NO. We have produced significant numbers (108 to 109 molecules per cubic centimeter per quantum state) of translationally cold NO molecules in a specific quantum state with an upper-limit root mean square laboratory velocity of 15 plus or minus 1 meters per second, corresponding to a 406 plus or minus 23 millikelvin upper limit of temperature, in a crossed molecular beam apparatus. The technique, which relies on a kinematic collapse of the velocity distributions of the molecular beams for the scattering events that produce cold molecules, is general and independent of the energy of the colliding partner.
The pioneering works have demonstrated that the method of single collisions in crossed molecular beams is an important technique for achieving kinetic cool-ing of atoms or molecules in specific rotational states. In this study, we investigated the elastic and inelastic collisions between Al(2P1/2) metal atoms and O2 molecules at high collision energies in the range of 6.4–14.8 kcal/mol, utilizing the laser-ablation crossed beams in conjunction with time-sliced ion velocity map imaging tech-nique. We observed kinetic cooling of Al(2P1/2) atoms with an upper-limit laboratory-frame root-mean-square velocity of 24±3 m/s, corresponding to a translational temperature of 0.9±0.2 K in the laboratory frame, facilitated by the vibrational excitation of O2 (v′ = 1) in inelastic collisions. The translational cooling of Al atoms in the lab frame enhanced detection probability in the transformation of density-to-flux, as evidenced by the scattering images obtained during the experiments.