Quantum physics: Flawed to perfection

Ciarán M. Lee

Dagomir Kaszlikowski, Ajay Gopinathan, Yeong-Cherng Liang +2 more

The methods of quantum cryptography enable one to have perfectly secure communication lines, whereby the laws of quantum physics protect the privacy of the data exchanged. Each quantum-cryptography scheme has its own security criteria that need to be met in a practical implementation. We find, however, that the generally accepted criteria are flawed for a whole class of such schemes.

N. D. Hari Dass, Pradeep Ganesh

We have withdrawn this paper due to a fatal flaw in eqn(38).

Benjamin Z. Gal-Or

Benjamin Z. Gal-Or

Yichen Lyu

At the end of the 19th century, with the development of Newton's classical mechanics and Maxwell's electromagnetism, a great number of individuals believed that the laws of physics had reached the point of perfection. Physicists like Pierre-Simon Laplace even thought that Newtonian mechanics could be used to calculate the future. However, the "dark clouds" such as the Michelson-Morley experiment and black body radiation demonstrated the flaws of the classical theory. With the efforts of quantum mechanics pioneers such as Planck, Einstein, Schrodinger, and Heisenberg, the discipline of quantum mechanics has gradually developed and has become the key to opening the door to the microscopic world. This paper demonstrates the cracks that occurred in classical physics at the end of the 19th century, and then illustrates the birth of the quantum mechanics and some of the most important concepts of it. Finally, some cutting-edge technologies related to quantum are introduced.