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Journal of the Optical Society of America

Electromagnetic propagation in a photorefractive layered medium

Pochi Yeh

Published Oct 1, 1983• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a photorefractive layered medium is considered. The forward-and backward-propagating waves are coupled in the photorefractive material. This coupling is asymmetrical and leads to a nonreciprocal optical transmission. The reflectance and the transmittance are derived and discussed.
DOI
10.1364/josa.73.001268

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We describe observations of asymmetric transmission through a Fabry-Perot etalon which contains a photorefractive crystal of barium titanate. The etalon transmission is asymmetric due to two-beam energy coupling in the photorefractive crystal as predicted by He et al. [Q. B. He, P. Yeh and C. Gu, Opt. Lett, 17, 664 (1992)]. We have observed up to 25% asymmetry in the contrast, the ratio between the maximum and minimum transmittance, when the barium titanate crystal is reversed within the etalon. The etalon transmission is also intensity-dependent due to the intensity dependence of photorefractive two-beam energy coupling.
In this work we theoretically model continuous and pulse wave propagation using the underlying dispersion relations. We also derive the dispersion relations of the underlying wave equations based on the real and imaginary parts of the propagation constant which are related through Hilbert transformation to ensure causality. Also, in this paper we show that by using a model of photorefractive two wave coupling, we can derive the dispersion relation for pulsed propagation and coupling in a diffusion dominated photorefractive material. We note that the dispersion relation we have found in photorefractive material also obeys the Hilbert transform property. Finally, we show that the group velocity of light can be slowed down by means of phase coupling in the photorefractive two-wave mixing process.