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Physica B Condensed Matter

The determination of the supercurrent-phase relation of superconducting weak links in static condition

E. de Wolff, H.C. Roobeek, Martijn C. Koops, R. de Bruyn Ouboter

Published Aug 1, 1992• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0921-4526(92)90629-7

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A digital computer was used to predict the operational characteristics for two models of a superconducting interferometer inductively coupled to an rf tank circuit. The interferometer is modeled by a weak link shunted by a resistor and a superconducting inductor. For a Josephson model, the current iJ and the phase difference across the weak link φ are related by iJ=ic sinφ. We have also examined the consequences of the relationship iJ∝∇φ (1+cosφ) which would result from a modified Aslamazov-Larkin two-phase model, where the supercurrent depends on both the phase difference φ and the phase gradient ∇φ in the weak link. We find that the (1+cosφ) model with the proper boundary condition can reproduce essentially all aspects of the experimental result for interferometers with proximity effect bridges. In particular, the two-phase model is adequate in describing the temperature dependence of the rf response, whereas the Josephson model does not.
The development of superconducting electronics requires careful characterization of the components that makeup electronic circuits. Superconducting weak links are the building blocks of most superconducting electronic components and are characterized by highly nonlinear current-to-phase relations (CPRs), which are often not perfectly known. Recent research has found that the Josephson diode effect (JDE) can be related to the high harmonic content of the current-to-phase relation of the weak links embedded in superconducting interferometers. This makes the JDE a natural tool for exploring the harmonic content of weak links beyond single-harmonic CPR. In this study, we present the theoretical model and experimental characterization of a double-loop superconducting quantum interference device (DL-SQUID) that embeds all-metallic superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions. The proposed device exhibits the JDE due to the interference of the supercurrents of three weak links in parallel, and this feature can be adjusted through two magnetic fluxes, which act as experimental knobs. We carry out a theoretical study of the device in terms of the relative weight of the interferometer arms and the experimental characterization concerning flux tunability and temperature.
A system comprising a weakly connected superconducting ring inductively coupled to a resonant L-C circuit has been studied using an analog computer. The weak link was characterized either by a current-phase relation of the form I = Ic sinφ or by ``supercurrent breakdown,'' and the results were compared. The effects of a normal resistance shunting the junction were investigated, as well as the effects of thermal current noise in the ring. Some criteria for achieving optimum coupling to the superconducting ring are discussed.