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Quantum and Semiclassical Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Cut-off rate for quantum communication channels with entangled measurement

Masashi Ban, Keiko Kurokawa, Osamu Hirota

Published Apr 1, 1998• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The cut-off rate is obtained for quantum communication channels in which entangled measurement is performed on received signals. The quantum correlation induced by the entangled measurement gives a cut-off rate larger than that obtained by quantum measurement without entanglement. The cut-off rate is calculated for some quantum communication channels and its properties are investigated in detail.

DOI
10.1088/1355-5111/10/2/001

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The cut-off rate is obtained for quantum communication channels in which entangled measurement is performed on received signals. The quantum correlation induced by the entangled measurement gives a cut-off rate larger than that obtained by quantum measurement without entanglement. The cut-off rate is calculated for some quantum communication channels and its properties are investigated in detail.
The cut-off rate performance of quantum communication channels is considered when the signal quantum states are pure and symmetric. The properties of the quantum cut-off rate which is obtained by the entangled measurement of the received signal are investigated for communication channels in which the symmetric quantum states are both linearly independent and linearly dependent. It is found that the quantum cut-off rate becomes independent of the number of the signal quantum states when they are linearly dependent. Furthermore the properties of the semiclassical cut-off rate which is obtained by the disentangled measurement of the received signal are considered. The necessary and sufficient condition for the positive operator-valued measure of the disentangled measurement to maximize the semiclassical cut-off rate is derived. For binary quantum communication channels with pure signal states, the several parameters, such as the channel capacity and the cut-off rate, which characterize the quantum communication channel are compared.
The possibility is explicitly shown that the average probability of error is reduced and the transmission rate of information is enhanced by means of entangled input states to a communication channel. When two senders transmit some information to a receiver, they encode the information in the quadrature amplitudes of both modes of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. The receiver performs a simultaneous measurement of the two quadrature amplitudes of the received two-mode state. In this case, if the average value of the photon number supplied to the communication system is not so small, the average probability of error becomes smaller than that of the communication system without entanglement. Furthermore, the transmission rate of information becomes larger than the quantum capacity of classical information of the communication system without entanglement.
Quantum communication with binary nonorthogonal pure states and single-shot measurements are discussed in terms of reliability function and cut-off rate. It is shown that some of different measurement strategies simultaneously attain the maximum single-shot cut-off rate. We also apply these measurements to the BPSK optical coherent states and compare them with the homodyne detection. Numerical results show that even including realistic imperfections, it is possible to exceed the homodyne limited cut-off rate.
The capacity of a channel is known to be equivalent to the highest rate at which it can generate entanglement. Analogous to entanglement, the notion of a causality measure characterizes the temporal aspect of quantum correlations. Despite holding an equally fundamental role in physics, temporal quantum correlations have yet to find their operational significance in quantum communication. Here we uncover a connection between quantum causality and channel capacity. We show the amount of temporal correlations between two ends of the noisy quantum channel, as quantified by a causality measure, implies a general upper bound on its channel capacity. The expression of this new bound is simpler to evaluate than most previously known bounds. We demonstrate the utility of this bound by applying it to a class of shifted depolarizing channels, which results in improvement over previously known bounds for this class of channels.
All communication channels are at bottom quantum mechanical. Quantum mechanics contributes both obstacles to communication in the form of noise, and opportunities in the use of intrinsically quantum representations for information. This paper investigates the trade-off between power and communication rate for coupled quantum channels. By exploiting quantum correlations such as entanglement, coupled quantum channels can communicate at a potentially higher rate than unentangled quantum channels given the same power. In particular, given the same overall power, M coupled, entangled quantum channels can send M bits in the same time it takes a single channel to send a single bit, and in the same time it takes M unentangled channels to send M\sqrt MM​ bits.