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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Evidence of Raman resonance in atomic deflection

Gor A. Abovyan, Gagik P. Djotyan, Gagik Yu. Kryuchkyan

Published Oct 29, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Deflection of an atomic beam passing through two crossed standing light waves is proposed for studies of transition through the Raman resonance in Λ -atomic systems. Considering different regimes of excitation of Λ -atoms by offresonant standing waves, we demonstrate that the deflection patterns, in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the center of atomic mass motion, are essentially different for the cases of one-photon and two-photon excitations. Visualization of the quantum superposition states of low atomic levels on the two-dimensional spatial patterns of atomic deflection is performed.

DOI
10.1117/12.890910

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Deflection of an atomic beam passing through two crossed standing light waves is proposed for studies of transition through the Raman resonance in Λ -atomic systems. Considering different regimes of excitation of Λ -atoms by offresonant standing waves, we demonstrate that the deflection patterns, in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the center of atomic mass motion, are essentially different for the cases of one-photon and two-photon excitations. Visualization of the quantum superposition states of low atomic levels on the two-dimensional spatial patterns of atomic deflection is performed.
The deflection of atoms in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type configuration passing through two crossed standing light waves is proposed for the probing and visualization of atomic superposition states. For this goal, we use both the large-dispersive and Raman-resonant regimes of atom-field interaction, giving rise to position-dependent phase shifts of fields, and perform double simultaneous spatial measurements on an atom. In this way, it is demonstrated that the deflection spatial patterns of atoms in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-configuration passing through modes of standing waves are essentially modified if the atoms are initially prepared in coherent superpositions of their low-level states as well as when the superposition states are created during the process of deflection. There are similar results for the joint momentum distributions of atoms. Furthermore, considering both one-photon- and two-photon-excitation regimes of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atoms, we also illustrate that the two-dimensional patterns of defected atoms qualitatively reflect the efficiency of the Raman processes.
A sodium atomic beam is deflected by two optical standing-wave fields which excite near resonance Raman transitions. Observed deflections are consistent with theoretical predictions of a long-range dc component of the force on a three-level atom in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. The low laser intensities (and small detunings) used, combined with observed evidence of damping in the three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} system, may ultimately lead to the design of high-density, all optical traps wherein the atoms would be mostly in the dark state.
We investigate deflections, spatial entanglement, and localization of an atomic beam due to its interaction with two modes of a standing electromagnetic field in an optical cavity. It is demonstrated that the deflection properties of an atom passing through two crossed standing light waves are crucially modified when photon-number correlated states of light are used instead of independent waves. Depending on the atom-light interaction scheme, various periodic two-dimensional patterns in a subwavelength regime are reported.
We investigate to which extent the quantum nature of light modifies laser-induced atomic beam deflection in a plane standing wave. Our model considers a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized standing wave mode of the electromagnetic field. We neglect spontaneous emission into other field modes, an approximation valid for short enough times. We find that there is an essential qualitative difference between the cases of a coherent field and a thermal field. For a coherent field, the atomic momentum distribution after interaction has two symmetric peaks on the wings and resembles the semiclassical result of Arimondo et al. [Phys. Rev. A 24, 898 (1981)]. For a thermal field, this distribution has its maximum at p = 0. It is characterized by a constant contribution at p = 0, some sharp interference features, and near-Gaussian wings. The only feature common to both cases is that in the Raman-Nath regime of scattering, the range on transverse momenta grows linearly with time at a rate proportional to 〈 n 〉 , where 〈 n 〉 is the mean number of photons in the field.
We investigate deflection of atomic beams on two co-propagating standing waves excited in a bimodal cavity. The novelty is that the standing waves are in an entangled, photon-number correlated state and interactions with three-level atoms of V-type and Λ-type configurations are considered. The splitting of atomic states, quantum interference effects and spatial atomic localization due to phase measurements is investigated on the framework of both the conditional position distributions of atomic wave packets as well as the Wigner functions for atomic translation variables. It is demonstrated that these quantities for V-type atoms passing the cavity are essentially modified when entangled states of standing waves are used instead of statistically independent waves. The deflection patterns and the Wigner functions are also modified if atoms are initially prepared in a superposition of low-level states. It is best demonstrated for the Λ-type configuration, where transition through the Raman resonance is realized, and proposed for testing superposition states in a new non-spectroscopic manner.
We discuss formation of two-dimensional spatial structures of atoms due to atomic diffraction on two crossed standing electromagnetic fields. This analysis proposed for V-type atomic configuration under dispersive atom-field interactions in quantum regime. Localization of the position of atoms passing through standing light wave is initiated by making a quadrature phase measurement on the light fields. We develop the procedure for strong two-dimensional spatial localization of atomic beam within the optical wavelength. Considering atomic spatial localization in the presence of entanglement of two light beams various two-dimensional patterns for V-type atoms are reported.