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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Groundstate Properties of Frustrated Spin Systems on a Ladder

匡良 塚野, Minoru Takahashi

Published Apr 1, 1997• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on a ladder, which consists of one ferromagnetic leg and one antiferromagnetic leg connected by antiferromagnetic rungs, is discussed. The phase transition in the groundstate is investigated in such a system. It is shown that the spontaneous magnetization, m , becomes zero if the interchain coupling R is larger than a critical value R c . It is found that R c =1.134461 ±0.000001 by the exact diagonalization. In the region R < R c , we also find that the spontaneous magnetization is proportional to \(\sqrt{R_{\rm c}-R}\) near the critical point R c . Moreover an exact eigenstate with the total spin S =0 is obtained.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.66.1153

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A spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on a ladder, which consists of one ferromagnetic leg and one antiferromagnetic leg connected by antiferromagnetic rungs, is discussed. The phase transition in the groundstate is investigated in such a system. It is shown that the spontaneous magnetization, m , becomes zero if the interchain coupling R is larger than a critical value R c . It is found that R c =1.134461 ±0.000001 by the exact diagonalization. In the region R < R c , we also find that the spontaneous magnetization is proportional to (\sqrt{R_{\rm c}-R}) near the critical point R c . Moreover an exact eigenstate with the total spin S =0 is obtained.
The antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the two-leg ladder with exchange interactions along the chains, rungs, and diagonals is studied using the Jordan-Wigner transformation and bond-mean-field theory. The inclusion of all three couplings introduces frustration to the system and depending on their relative strengths the ladder can adopt one of three possible magnetically disordered gapped states. The phase diagram found in this mean-field approach is in very good agreement with the one calculated by Weihong et al. [Phys. Rev. B 57, 11439 (1998)] using the Lanczos exact diagonalization method. By analyzing the ground-state energy, we study quantum criticality when the coupling parameters are varied at zero temperature. We study the effect of temperature on the phase boundaries and find that the system shows thermally induced criticality for some values of the rung and diagonal coupling constants. All the phase transitions encountered in this system occur between disordered phases and are all caused by frustration.
Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we have obtained the ground-state phase diagram of a spin-1/2 two-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg ladder with a ferromagnetic diagonal interaction ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}.$ The boundary between the two phases found in the system, the Haldane phase and the singlet phase, lies in the frustrated area of the parameter space, i.e., both the rung coupling ${J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and the diagonal coupling ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}$ are ferromagnetic. The spin gap is found to be insensitive to the change of the ferromagnetic diagonal coupling strength when the ratio of the rung coupling constant ${J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ to the leg coupling constant ${J}_{\ensuremath{\Vert}}$ is 0.5, in agreement with the analysis of recent experimental spin susceptibility data.
Ground states of the frustrated spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg two-leg ladder with Heisenberg intra-rung coupling and only Ising interaction along legs and diagonals are rigorously found by taking advantage of local conservation of the total spin on each rung.The constructed ground-state phase diagram of the frustrated spin-1 Ising-Heisenberg ladder is then compared with the analogous phase diagram of the fully quantum spin-1 Heisenberg two-leg ladder obtained by density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations.Both investigated spin models exhibit quite similar magnetization scenarios, which involve intermediate plateaux at one-quarter, one-half and threequarters of the saturation magnetization.
We study the T=0T=0T=0 magnetization of frustrated two-leg spin ladders with arbitrary value of the spin SSS. In the strong-rung limit, we use degenerate perturbation theory to prove that frustration leads to magnetization plateaus at fractional values of the magnetization for all spins SSS and to determine the critical ratios of parallel to diagonal inter-rung couplings for the appearance of these plateaus. These ratios depend both on the plateau and on the spin. To confirm these results and to investigate the properties of these ladders away from the strong-coupling limit, we have performed extensive density-matrix renormalization-group calculations for $S\ensuremath{\le}2$. For large enough inter-rung couplings, all plateaus simply disappear, leading to a magnetization curve typical of integer-spin chains in a magnetic field. The intermediate region turns out to be surprisingly rich however, with, upon increasing the inter-rung couplings, the development of magnetization jumps and, in some cases, the appearance of one or more phase transitions inside a given plateau.
Abstract Ladders with 2 N spins-1/2 and singlet ( S = 0) ground states are studied numerically using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations. The curvatures E ″ ( s ) of states with the lowest energy E ( s ) at spin s = S / N ≤ 1 are obtained in the thermodynamic limit. All states have E ″ ( s ) > 0 in two phases, one with strong F exchange J F in rungs, the other with strong F exchange J L in legs. The Dimer phase with frustrated F exchanges has one or more states with E ″ ( s ) < 0. All three phases have finite gaps to the lowest triplet state. The ladder at J F → ∞ is adiabatically connected to the spin-1 Heisenberg AF chain, and at J L → ∞ to the J 1 − J 2 model.
Using the density matrix renormalization group method we have studied the ground-state phase diagram of a spin-1/2 frustrated three-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg ladder, and identified two phases corresponding to the spin-3/2 chain and the standard spin ladder. Varying the diagonal coupling ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}$ leads to a quantum phase transition from one ground state to the other, but does not alter the gapless nature of the excitation spectra. On the phase boundary, the degenerate ground states form a chiral spin liquid with a central charge c=2.c=2.c=2. The critical value of ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}$ is insensitive to the number of legs in the ladder, suggesting that a quantum phase transition may occur at ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}=0.6$ for the isotropic spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the square lattice.