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Physical Review E

Stable high-dimensional spatial weak-light solitons in a resonant three-state atomic system

Chao Hang, Guoxiang Huang, L. Deng

Published Oct 3, 2006• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the formation of a nonlinear localized high-dimensional optical beam in a lifetime-broadened three-state atomic system. We show that stable high-dimensional spatial optical solitons with extremely weak-light intensity can occur in such a highly resonant medium through a mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency. We demonstrate that the interaction between two high-dimensional spatial optical solitons displays interesting properties and these solitons can be easily controlled by manipulating the coupling optical field of the system.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.74.046601

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We study the formation of a nonlinear localized high-dimensional optical beam in a lifetime-broadened three-state atomic system. We show that stable high-dimensional spatial optical solitons with extremely weak-light intensity can occur in such a highly resonant medium through a mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency. We demonstrate that the interaction between two high-dimensional spatial optical solitons displays interesting properties and these solitons can be easily controlled by manipulating the coupling optical field of the system.
We show that a weak probe light beam can form spatial solitons in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium composed of four-level atoms and a coupling light field. We find that the coupling light beam can induce a highly controllable nonlinear waveguide and exert very strong effects on the dynamical behavior of the solitons. Hence, in the EIT medium, it is not only possible to produce spatial solitons at very low light intensities but also simultaneously control these solitons by using the coupling-light-induced nonlinear waveguide.
We consider propagation of a weakly nonlinear probe light beam in a resonant three-level atomic system where an optical lattice is induced by a standing-wave control field and conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency are created. We employ a unified theory to solve the respective nonlinear system of equations in various regimes and investigate formation of spatial optical solitons and instabilities, both analytically and numerically. We show that the effect of the lattice is twofold. On the one hand it allows one to reduce the probe beam intensity necessary for observation of nonlinear effects until the level of one-photon energy, and on the other hand the lattice allows for implementation of different dynamical regimes either by simple manipulation of its parameters or by varying one- and two-photon detunings or by changing the geometry of the incident probe beam.
By using the multiple-scale method, we study analytically the formation and stability of two-component spatial optical solitons in a cold, lifetime-broadened resonant four-level double-Λ type atomic system via electromagnetically induced transparency. It is shown that stable two-component (1+1) dimension spatial optical solitons with extremely weak light intensity can occur, which is different from the passive ones with photorefractive and planar waveguides. Furthermore, the interaction characteristics between two solitons are studied by numerical simulations. We find that the collisional dynamics and the energy transfer of the two solitons are closely correlated with their relative phase shift. Our results may provide a good idea to obtain useful spatial optical solitons for application in optical soliton communications.
We propose a scheme to generate stable ultraslow three-dimensional spatiotemporal optical solitons, or ultraslow optical bullets, at very low light levels via atomic coherence. The system we consider is an ensemble of resonant, lifetime-broadened NNN-type four-level atoms, working in a regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Due to the quantum interference effect induced by a control field, the absorption of a probe field is largely suppressed. Moreover, the Kerr nonlinearity is greatly enhanced, and the dispersion property of the probe field is drastically changed. Using a method of multiple scales, we derive two coupled nonlinear envelope equations controlling the evolution of the envelopes of the probe field and an assisted field. We show that under certain conditions the envelope of the probe field satisfies a three-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and the envelope of the assisted field obeys a linear Helmholtz equation. We obtain various optical bullet solutions for the probe-field envelope and demonstrate that such optical bullets have many novel features, including very slow propagating velocity and very low generation power. In addition, they can be actively controlled and manipulated by adjusting system parameters. The stabilization of the optical bullets obtained can be easily realized by the trapping potential contributed by the assisted field, which is also investigated in detail.
By using multiple-scale method，we analytically study the nonlinear dynamical properties of an electromagnetically induced transparency medium with three-level atoms and a strong coupling light field. It is shown that a weak probe light beam can form spatial weak-light dark solitons. When it propagates along axial direction，the dark soliton will transforms into a steady spatial weak-light ring dark soliton，which results from the balance of the interplay between beam diffraction and refractive nonlinearity.
By using semiclassical theory combined with multiple-scale method, we analytically study the linear absorption and the nonlinear dynamical properties in a lifetime broadened Λ-type three-level self-assembled quantum dots. It is found that this system can exhibit the transparency, and the width of the transparency window becomes wider with the increase of control light field. Interestingly, a weak probe light beam can form spatial weak-light dark solitons. When it propagates along the axial direction, the soliton will transform into a steady spatial weak-light ring dark soltion. In addition, the stability of two-dimensional spatial optical solitons is testified numerically.