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Physical Review A

Evidence for electromagnetically induced transparency in a solid medium

K. Ichimura, K. Yamamoto, Nobuhiro Gemma

Published Nov 1, 1998• 71 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Strong evidence indicating the occurrence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a solid medium was found. Fluorescence reduction due to EIT was observed in solids. The excitation intensity dependence of the fluorescence reduction was found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for EIT. It was experimentally demonstrated that the essential condition for the observation of EIT in solids is that the Rabi frequency of excitation must be larger than the inhomogeneous width of the transition between the two states coupled to the third state by the pair of optical fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.58.4116

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Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened solid media

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We study, theoretically and experimentally, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different solid-state systems. Unlike many implementations in homogeneously broadened media, these systems exhibit inhomogeneous broadening of their optical and spin transitions typical of solid-state materials. We observe EIT lineshapes typical of atomic gases, including a crossover into the regime of Autler-Townes splitting, but with the substitution of the inhomogeneous widths for the homogeneous values. We obtain quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for the width of the transparency feature over a range of optical powers and inhomogeneous linewidths. We discuss regimes over which analytical and numerical treatments capture the behavior. As solid-state systems become increasingly important for scalable and integratable quantum optical and photonic devices, it is vital to understand the effects of the inhomogeneous broadening that is ubiquitous in these systems. The treatment presented here can be applied to a variety of systems, as exemplified by the common scaling of experimental results from two different systems.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency in solid-state atomic ensembles (Conference Presentation)

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Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Jan 20, 2003•2 citations
Strong evidence indicating the occurrence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a solid medium was found. Fluorescence reduction due to EIT was observed in solids. The excitation intensity dependence of the fluorescence reduction was found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for EIT. It was experimentally demonstrated that the essential condition for the observation of EIT in solids is that the Rabi frequency of excitation must be larger than the inhomogeneous width of the transition between the two states coupled to the third state by the pair of optical fields.
We study, theoretically and experimentally, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different solid-state systems. Unlike many implementations in homogeneously broadened media, these systems exhibit inhomogeneous broadening of their optical and spin transitions typical of solid-state materials. We observe EIT lineshapes typical of atomic gases, including a crossover into the regime of Autler-Townes splitting, but with the substitution of the inhomogeneous widths for the homogeneous values. We obtain quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for the width of the transparency feature over a range of optical powers and inhomogeneous linewidths. We discuss regimes over which analytical and numerical treatments capture the behavior. As solid-state systems become increasingly important for scalable and integratable quantum optical and photonic devices, it is vital to understand the effects of the inhomogeneous broadening that is ubiquitous in these systems. The treatment presented here can be applied to a variety of systems, as exemplified by the common scaling of experimental results from two different systems.
We observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rb vapor at various optical intensities, starting from below saturation to several times the saturation intensity. The observed Lorentzian width of the EIT signal is very small. Solving the time dependant density matrix equation of motion with a phenomenological decay constant, we find an expression suitable in explaining the EIT signal. In this experimental observation and theoretical analysis intensity of EIT signal and its Lorentzian width increases with Rabi frequency of optical field.
We study Lambda-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cryogenically-cooled, europium and praseodymium doped yttrium orthosilicate (Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO). We use spectral hole burning techniques to vary the optical inhomogeneous width of the sub-ensemble of atoms participating in the EIT. The effect of inhomogeneous broadening has been studied in the context of Doppler broadened gases, but less so in solids where motional effects are absent and the coherence is not limited by the transit of atoms through the optical field. Rare earth doped crystals, like many solid-state systems, exhibit spectral hole burning in which a narrowband laser field optically pumps atoms to states in the ground manifold that are dark with respect to the applied field, opening up a transparency window that persists after the pumping laser is shuttered. More complex sequences of fields at multiple frequencies can create arbitrary spectral profiles, within bounds set by the particular energy level structure of the atoms. For both Eu:YSO and Pr:YSO, there are three hyperfine ground states and three hyperfine excited states (at zero magnetic field) and all nine transitions are dipole-allowed with varying transition strengths. We use spectral hole-burning techniques to prepare a sub-ensemble of atoms in a particular frequency class and a particular ground spin state, while also pumping atoms out of another ground state to create a Lambda system. We observe the same functional dependence of the EIT width on the optical inhomogeneous width and independently calibrated control field Rabi frequency in both systems.
We report the results of an experiment showing how an opaque atomic transition in neutral Sr may be rendered transparent to radiation at its resonance frequency. This is accomplished by applying an electromagnetic coupling field (Fig. 1) between the upper state 4d5d1D2 of the transition and another state 4d5p 1D2 of the atom. When the Rabi frequency of the coupling field exceeds the inhomogeneous width of the 5s5p1P1−4d5d1D2 transition, the medium becomes transparent on line center. In this work, we have changed the transmittance of neutral strontium from exp(−20) without a coupling laser to exp(−1) in the presence of a coupling laser, over a spectral range of 6 GHz (Fig. 2). The coupling laser that we have used is a single mode Littman dye laser with an intensity of 10 MW/ cm2 .
Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.