Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Applied Physics Letters

Photorefractive two-wave mixing bistability in Fe: KNbO3 without external feedback: Increasing gain bistability

Bradley M. Jost

Published Sep 2, 1996• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The observation of photorefractive two-wave mixing bistability without external feedback is reported. Hysteresis with an on/off contrast ratio of 30 was obtained through the interaction of two 514.5 nm laser beams within a Fe: KNbO3 crystal. A signal beam modulation rate less than 25 mHz was necessary to obtain the hysteresis when the total optical irradiance of the pump and signal beams was ∼1 mW/mm2. The data are shown to correspond well with a two-state increasing gain model.

DOI
10.1063/1.117431

Related papers

Optical bistability of a nematic liquid crystal with photorefractively amplified feedback

M. Ingold, J. Keller, Gilles Pauliat +1 more

Optical bistability has been observed in a new configuration consisting of a nematic liquid crystal (ROTN 403) and a photorefractive crystal (KNbO3). The nematic liquid crystal (NLC), placed between crossed polarizers, serves as an optically controlled gate. The transmitted signal beam is amplified by photorefractive two-wave mixing and sent back onto the NLC in such a way that it changes the transmission of the gate. Bistability of the optical signal in the feedback loop with a large hysteresis is found. The bistable hysteresis curve depends on the nonlinearities of the NLC and of the photorefractive crystal, on the intensity of the storage beam and on the losses in the feedback loop.

Ferroelectrics•Apr 1, 1989•5 citations

Observation of optical bistability due to an interaction of two laser beams in ferroelectic monocrystal of photorefractive media

M.H. Majles Ara, M. Fazilati, Mohammad Reza Abolhasani

Optical bistability and switching are of great interest in the rapidly and developing field of photonics. Devices that display this behavior could potentially play a major role in the development of optical communication systems and computing. In this article we present experimental results concerning the optical bistability in ferroelectric of photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal. Two laser beams were used to interact with the photorefractive crystal which resulted in the bistability of the intensity of transmitted wave. This was achieved without the application of any optical resonator. High contrast optical bistability is found experimentally in the pump-ratio dependence of the output intensity.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 29, 2007•0 citations

Optical hysteresis in a semilinear photorefractive coherent oscillator

P. Mathey, Grégory Gadret, S. Odoulov +1 more

High contrast optical bistability is found experimentally in the pump-ratio dependences of the output intensity of a semilinear photorefractive coherent oscillator with two counterpropagating pump waves. The data are in qualitative agreement with the results of calculation.

Journal of Optics A Pure and Applied Optics•Feb 2, 2007•2 citations

Optical bistability by two-wave mixing in photorefractive crystals

Edward D. Baraban, Hong-Zhun Zhang, Robert W. Boyd

Optical bistability in photorefractive strontium barium niobate in a two-wave mixing configuration with feedback is reported. We observe bistability both under conditions for which its existence was recently predicted by Zozulya et al. [ Opt. Commun.72, 381 ( 1989)] and under more general conditions.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 1, 1992•8 citations

Hybrid optical bistability by two-wave-mixing photorefractive crystal with alternating electric field

Marina N. Frolova, Stanislav M. Shandarov, A. Reshet'ko

We present a hybrid optical bistable device configuration with the using of two-wave mixing in a cubic photorefractive crystal by applying the square-wave electric field. The applied field amplitude is linear depending on the intensity of signal beam, provided the feedback.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 27, 1996•0 citations

Bistable resonator utilizing saturable photorefractive gain and loss

Diana M. Lininger, Peter J. Martin, Dana Z. Anderson

We report the observation of bistability in a unidirectional ring resonator that employs photorefractive barium titanate for gain and also for saturated loss. One photorefractive crystal provides gain via two-beam coupling in a conventional unidirectional ring configuration.1 A second crystal is arranged to couple light out of the resonator using two-beam coupling, thereby producing loss. The orientations of the two crystals are chosen so that the magnitude of the small signal loss is greater than the magnitude of the small signal gain. Thus the oscillation in the ring cannot build up from noise since there is no net gain. However, the pump intensity for the gain medium is made larger than that for the loss medium. This means that the loss saturates at a lower signal level. Hence, at large intensities, gain can exceed net loss so oscillation can occur.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations
The observation of photorefractive two-wave mixing bistability without external feedback is reported. Hysteresis with an on/off contrast ratio of 30 was obtained through the interaction of two 514.5 nm laser beams within a Fe: KNbO3 crystal. A signal beam modulation rate less than 25 mHz was necessary to obtain the hysteresis when the total optical irradiance of the pump and signal beams was ∼1 mW/mm2. The data are shown to correspond well with a two-state increasing gain model.
Optical bistability has been observed in a new configuration consisting of a nematic liquid crystal (ROTN 403) and a photorefractive crystal (KNbO3). The nematic liquid crystal (NLC), placed between crossed polarizers, serves as an optically controlled gate. The transmitted signal beam is amplified by photorefractive two-wave mixing and sent back onto the NLC in such a way that it changes the transmission of the gate. Bistability of the optical signal in the feedback loop with a large hysteresis is found. The bistable hysteresis curve depends on the nonlinearities of the NLC and of the photorefractive crystal, on the intensity of the storage beam and on the losses in the feedback loop.
Optical bistability and switching are of great interest in the rapidly and developing field of photonics. Devices that display this behavior could potentially play a major role in the development of optical communication systems and computing. In this article we present experimental results concerning the optical bistability in ferroelectric of photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal. Two laser beams were used to interact with the photorefractive crystal which resulted in the bistability of the intensity of transmitted wave. This was achieved without the application of any optical resonator. High contrast optical bistability is found experimentally in the pump-ratio dependence of the output intensity.
We report the observation of bistability in a unidirectional ring resonator that employs photorefractive barium titanate for gain and also for saturated loss. One photorefractive crystal provides gain via two-beam coupling in a conventional unidirectional ring configuration.1 A second crystal is arranged to couple light out of the resonator using two-beam coupling, thereby producing loss. The orientations of the two crystals are chosen so that the magnitude of the small signal loss is greater than the magnitude of the small signal gain. Thus the oscillation in the ring cannot build up from noise since there is no net gain. However, the pump intensity for the gain medium is made larger than that for the loss medium. This means that the loss saturates at a lower signal level. Hence, at large intensities, gain can exceed net loss so oscillation can occur.