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Optics and Spectroscopy

Saturation and self-saturation effects in the field of intense laser waves: The J = 1 − J = 1 transition

Sergey G. Rautian, Э. Г. Сапрыкин, А. А. Черненко

Published Apr 1, 2008• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The shape of the resonance of a saturated absorption is calculated at an arbitrary intensity of a probe field. It is revealed that, in the case of orthogonal polarizations of strong and probe fields, an increase in the intensity of the probe field can invert the shape of the nonlinear resonance of clearing of the medium, changing it to the resonance of absorption. The saturation of optical transitions by intrinsic spontaneous radiation increases the contrast of the inverted resonance of saturation and narrows its width. In the case of parallel polarizations of the optical fields, an absorption peak can arise in the shape of the nonlinear resonance upon splitting of the lower state.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x08040140

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Optics and Spectroscopy•Apr 1, 2017•1 citation
The shape of the resonance of a saturated absorption is calculated at an arbitrary intensity of a probe field. It is revealed that, in the case of orthogonal polarizations of strong and probe fields, an increase in the intensity of the probe field can invert the shape of the nonlinear resonance of clearing of the medium, changing it to the resonance of absorption. The saturation of optical transitions by intrinsic spontaneous radiation increases the contrast of the inverted resonance of saturation and narrows its width. In the case of parallel polarizations of the optical fields, an absorption peak can arise in the shape of the nonlinear resonance upon splitting of the lower state.
The form of the saturated absorption resonance for atomic transition J=1-J=1 at arbitrary intensities of a probe light field is calculated. The influence of the saturation effect of optical transitions by own spontaneous radiation on the form of a nonlinear resonance is researched. It is revealed, that in case of orthogonal polarizations of strong and probe fields the increase of the probe field intensity can result in inversion of the shape of a nonlinear resonance. The saturation effect of optical transitions by own spontaneous radiation increases contrast of the inverted resonance of saturation and narrows its spectrum. In case of parallel polarizations of optical fields the peak of absorption can arise in the shape of nonlinear resonance at splitting of the lower atomic state.
Nonlinear absorption of a probe field is analyzed taking into account intrinsic spontaneous radiation (the self-saturation effect). Systems of two and three nondegenerate levels, as well as a system of two levels with the angular momenta equal to unity, are considered. Changes produced by the self-saturation in the population, polarization, and nonlinear interference effects, as well as in the field splitting of lines, are determined. In certain situations, incoherent spontaneous radiation enhances the interference phenomena.
Results of theoretical researches of the saturated absorption resonance shape in a method of the probing field on V-type of transitions are represented. It is shown that in case of opposite circulary polarized optical fields the resonance is shown in the form of cross, and its form strongly depends on relaxation constants of levels and it can be represented as in the form of a dip, and absorption peak. Thus the peak form has exclusively coherent character. Atomic transitions are offered, on which observation of the given effect is possible.
Abstract Nonlinear absorption of a probe field in a system of degenerate levels of an atom characterized by a total moment of J = 1 in unidirectional waves is studied analytically and numerically taking into account saturation by its own spontaneous emission (OSE). The trends in changes of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the nonlinear resonance associated with open and closed types of transitions for different polarizations of the waves that are introduced by self-saturation are established. Specific manifestations of the effect, including those related to magnetic coherence of levels, are revealed.
The effect of a double structure of saturated absorption resonance in the field of counterpropagating light waves interacting with an atomic gas is studied. The experimental observation of this effect was first reported in 2011 in a work by our colleagues at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Laboratory of Frequency Standards). The essence of the effect lies in the fact that, on exciting an open dipole transition, another, narrower, resonance of an opposite sign can be observed at the center of the ordinary saturated absorption resonance. A theoretical analysis of this effect has also been performed in this work in terms of a simple spectroscopic model of an atom with two nondegenerate energy levels without taking into account higher spatial harmonics of atomic polarization and polarizations of light waves (scalar model). The present work is devoted to the development of a theory of the formation of a central narrow resonance for the example of a real F g = 1 → F e = 1 atomic transition and to the study of its main characteristics (amplitude, width, contrast, and amplitude-to-width ratio). In addition, the theoretical results obtained without taking into account the influence of higher spatial harmonics and with inclusion of the influence of first higher harmonics are compared. This comparison shows that their influence on the parameters of the new nonlinear resonance is strong even in moderately intense light fields (R ~ γ, where R is the Rabi frequency). The results of this study can be of interest for quantum metrology, as well as for many experiments in which the laser-radiation frequency is stabilized by the saturated absorption resonance on open dipole transitions in atoms and molecules.