Physical Review A

Magnetic field dependence of coherent population transfer by the stimulated Raman transition

R. B. Li, P. Wang, Hui Yan, J. Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Mar 31, 2008• 22 citations

Abstract

Stimulated Raman transition is generally used for a coherent population transfer in a cold atom interferometer. We have experimentally investigated the magnetic field dependence of coherent population transfer by the stimulated Raman process. Experimental data show that both Rabi frequency and population greatly depend on the amplitude and sense of the magnetic field. Theoretical analysis is also carried out, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The study is helpful for optimizing the interferometer fringes and for improving the rotation measurement precision of a Sagnac interferometer.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.77.033425

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Physical Review A

Magnetic field dependence of coherent population transfer by the stimulated Raman transition

R. B. Li, P. Wang, Hui Yan, J. Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Mar 31, 2008• 22 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.77.033425

Related papers

Raman transitions between hyperfine clock states in a magnetic trap

Julian B. Naber, Lara Torralbo-Campo, T. Hubert +1 more

We present our experimental investigation of an optical Raman transition between the magnetic clock states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ in an atom chip magnetic trap. The transfer of atomic population is induced by a pair of diode lasers which couple the two clock states off-resonantly to an intermediate state manifold. This transition is subject to destructive interference of two excitation paths, which leads to a reduction of the effective two-photon Rabi frequency. Furthermore, we find that the transition frequency is highly sensitive to the intensity ratio of the diode lasers. Our results are well described in terms of light shifts in the multilevel structure of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ . The differential light shifts vanish at an optimal intensity ratio, which we observe as a narrowing of the transition linewidth. We also observe the temporal dynamics of the population transfer and find good agreement with a model based on the system's master equation and a Gaussian laser beam profile. Finally, we identify several sources of decoherence in our system, and discuss possible improvements.We present our experimental investigation of an optical Raman transition between the magnetic clock states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ in an atom chip magnetic trap. The transfer of atomic population is induced by a pair of diode lasers which couple the two clock states off-resonantly to an intermediate state manifold. This transition is subject to destructive interference of two excitation paths, which leads to a reduction of the effective two-photon Rabi frequency. Furthermore, we find that the transition frequency is highly sensitive to the intensity ratio of the diode lasers. Our results are well described in terms of light shifts in the multilevel structure of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. The differential light shifts vanish at an optimal intensity ratio, which we observe as a narrowing of the transition linewidth. We also observe the temporal dynamics of the population transfer and find good agreement with a model based on the system's master equation and a Gaussian laser beam profile. Finally, we identify several sources of decoherence in our system, and discuss possible improvements.

arXiv:1605.05230Physical Review AJul 27, 20167 citations

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We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the $2{}^{3}S$ state to $2{}^{3}P$ fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the $2{}^{3}S$ state to $2{}^{3}P$ fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.

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Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. III. Experimental results

J. Martin, Bruce W. Shore, Klaas Bergmann

The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: $^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ ${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ ${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review AAug 1, 1996108 citations

Amplitude and phase control of a coherent superposition of degenerate states. II. Experiment

Frank Vewinger, Manfred Heinz, Ulrich Schneider +2 more

We present experimental demonstrations of a technique, based on multistate variants of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) process, that allows efficient and robust preparation of a preselected superposition of two or three degenerate states (magnetic sublevels of an atom) and the measurement of their relative amplitudes and phases. The experiments verify theoretical results described in the preceding paper. We perform our experiments with neon atoms in a supersonic beam: atoms in the metastable $^{3}{P}_{0}$ state are transferred to a superposition of the metastable $^{3}{P}_{2}$ magnetic sublevels, using four different linkage patterns. Because the preparation utilizes adiabatic passage, it is robust against small fluctuations of the Rabi frequencies and temporal shape of the coupling fields. The relative phases and the amplitude ratios of the components of the prepared superpositions are experimentally analyzed using a technique termed phase-to-population mapping. Phase-to-population mapping is based on laser-induced fluorescence after the atoms have undergone optical pumping cycles induced by an additional laser. The optical pumping process maps the superposition phases into populations of a subset of levels by means of a filtering laser field, and is robust against variations in the intensity and detuning of that field.We present experimental demonstrations of a technique, based on multistate variants of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) process, that allows efficient and robust preparation of a preselected superposition of two or three degenerate states (magnetic sublevels of an atom) and the measurement of their relative amplitudes and phases. The experiments verify theoretical results described in the preceding paper. We perform our experiments with neon atoms in a supersonic beam: atoms in the metastable $^{3}{P}_{0}$ state are transferred to a superposition of the metastable $^{3}{P}_{2}$ magnetic sublevels, using four different linkage patterns. Because the preparation utilizes adiabatic passage, it is robust against small fluctuations of the Rabi frequencies and temporal shape of the coupling fields. The relative phases and the amplitude ratios of the components of the prepared superpositions are experimentally analyzed using a technique termed phase-to-population mapping. Phase-to-population mapping is based on laser-induced fluorescence after the atoms have undergone optical pumping cycles induced by an additional laser. The optical pumping process maps the superposition phases into populations of a subset of levels by means of a filtering laser field, and is robust against variations in the intensity and detuning of that field.

Physical Review AApr 25, 200723 citations

Coherent population transfer in multilevel systems with magnetic sublevels. II. Algebraic analysis

J. Martin, Bruce W. Shore, Klaas Bergmann

We extend previous theoretical work on coherent population transfer by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for states involving nonzero angular momentum. The pump and Stokes fields are either copropagating or counterpropagating with the corresponding linearly polarized electric-field vectors lying in a common plane with the magnetic-field direction. Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. We present an algebraic analysis of dressed-state properties to explain the behavior noted in numerical studies. In particular, we discuss conditions which are likely to lead to a failure of complete population transfer. The applied strategy, based on simple methods of linear algebra, will also be successful for other types of discrete multilevel systems, provided the rotating-wave and adiabatic approximation are valid.We extend previous theoretical work on coherent population transfer by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for states involving nonzero angular momentum. The pump and Stokes fields are either copropagating or counterpropagating with the corresponding linearly polarized electric-field vectors lying in a common plane with the magnetic-field direction. Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. We present an algebraic analysis of dressed-state properties to explain the behavior noted in numerical studies. In particular, we discuss conditions which are likely to lead to a failure of complete population transfer. The applied strategy, based on simple methods of linear algebra, will also be successful for other types of discrete multilevel systems, provided the rotating-wave and adiabatic approximation are valid.

Physical Review AJul 1, 199574 citations

We present our experimental investigation of an optical Raman transition between the magnetic clock states of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

in an atom chip magnetic trap. The transfer of atomic population is induced by a pair of diode lasers which couple the two clock states off-resonantly to an intermediate state manifold. This transition is subject to destructive interference of two excitation paths, which leads to a reduction of the effective two-photon Rabi frequency. Furthermore, we find that the transition frequency is highly sensitive to the intensity ratio of the diode lasers. Our results are well described in terms of light shifts in the multilevel structure of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

. The differential light shifts vanish at an optimal intensity ratio, which we observe as a narrowing of the transition linewidth. We also observe the temporal dynamics of the population transfer and find good agreement with a model based on the system's master equation and a Gaussian laser beam profile. Finally, we identify several sources of decoherence in our system, and discuss possible improvements.

We report the experimental realization of coherent population transfer from the

2{}^{3}S

state to

2{}^{3}P

fine-structure levels of helium, using the technique of hyper-Raman adiabatic passage, in which the pump-laser coupling involves a two-photon transition. We discuss the dependence of population transfer upon pump and Stokes detunings, and show that by suitably setting the detunings one can transfer population efficiently as either a two-step process to final states or as a single-step two-photon transition to an intermediate state. We use an adiabatic-state picture to interpret these experimental results. Since the optimum detuning depends on the pump laser intensity the transfer efficiency is compromised by the variation of the intensity across the spatial profile of the laser beam. Our experimental data agree well with numerical simulation based on density-matrix equations, including all 15 magnetic sublevels.

^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{0}

{\mathrm{?}}^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{1}

{\mathrm{?}}^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{2}

with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

^{3}{P}_{0}

state are transferred to a superposition of the metastable

^{3}{P}_{2}

magnetic sublevels, using four different linkage patterns. Because the preparation utilizes adiabatic passage, it is robust against small fluctuations of the Rabi frequencies and temporal shape of the coupling fields. The relative phases and the amplitude ratios of the components of the prepared superpositions are experimentally analyzed using a technique termed phase-to-population mapping. Phase-to-population mapping is based on laser-induced fluorescence after the atoms have undergone optical pumping cycles induced by an additional laser. The optical pumping process maps the superposition phases into populations of a subset of levels by means of a filtering laser field, and is robust against variations in the intensity and detuning of that field.