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International Journal of Modern Physics C

MONTE CARLO STUDIES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISING MODEL IN EQUILIBRIUM

Martin Hasenbusch B

Published Sep 1, 2001• 82 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model and similar models in three dimensions that were performed in the last decade. Only recently, Monte Carlo simulations provide more accurate results for critical exponents than field theoretic methods, such as the ∊-expansion. These results were obtained with finite size scaling and "improved actions". In addition, we summarize Monte Carlo results for universal amplitude ratios, the interface tension, and the dimensional crossover from three to two dimensions.

DOI
10.1142/s0129183101002383

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We review Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model and similar models in three dimensions that were performed in the last decade. Only recently, Monte Carlo simulations provide more accurate results for critical exponents than field theoretic methods, such as the ∊-expansion. These results were obtained with finite size scaling and "improved actions". In addition, we summarize Monte Carlo results for universal amplitude ratios, the interface tension, and the dimensional crossover from three to two dimensions.
We present a high precision Monte Carlo study of various universal amplitude ratios of the three-dimensional Ising spin model. Using state of the art simulation techniques we study the model close to criticality in both phases. Great care is taken to control systematic errors due to finite size effects and correction to scaling terms. We obtain , and . Our results are compatible with those obtained by field theoretic methods applied to the theory and high- and low-temperature series expansions of the Ising model. The mismatch with a previous Monte Carlo study by Ruge et al remains to be understood.
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We investigate three Ising models on the simple cubic lattice by means of Monte Carlo methods and finite-size scaling. These models are the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest-neighbour interactions, a spin-1/2 model with nearest-neighbour and third-neighbour interactions, and a spin-1 model with nearest-neighbour interactions. The results are in accurate agreement with the hypothesis of universality. Analysis of the finite-size scaling behaviour reveals corrections beyond those caused by the leading irrelevant scaling field. We find that the correction-to-scaling amplitudes are strongly dependent on the introduction of further-neighbour interactions or a third spin state. In a spin-1 Ising model, these corrections appear to be very small. This is very helpful for the determination of the universal constants of the Ising model. The renormalization exponents of the Ising model are determined as y t =1.587 (2), y h =2.4815 (15) and y i =-0.82 (6). The universal ratio Q=(m 2 ) 2 /(m 4 ) is equal to 0.6233 (4) for periodic systems with cubic symmetry. The critical point of the nearest-neighbour spin-1/2 model is K c =0.2216546 (10).
With recent improvements in simulation methods and data analysis techniques, Monte Carlo simulations, used in conjunction with finite-size scaling techniques, have become the most powerful and flexible tools for studying critical phenomena. In particular, there has been a dramatic increase in resolution in studies of the three-dimensional Ising model. This paper discusses motivations for performing high-resolution studies, reviews past and current work on the model and points out some potential potholes on the road to higher resolution.
We perform a high-statistics simulation of the three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising model on cubic lattices L3 with L< or =256. We choose a particular value of the density, x=0.8, for which the leading scaling corrections are suppressed. We determine the critical exponents, obtaining nu=0.683(3), eta=0.035(2), beta=0.3535(17), and alpha=-0.049(9), in agreement with previous numerical simulations. We also estimate numerically the fixed-point values of the four-point zero-momentum couplings that are used in field-theoretical fixed-dimension studies. Although these results somewhat differ from those obtained using perturbative field theory, the field-theoretical estimates of the critical exponents do not change significantly if the Monte Carlo result for the fixed point is used. Finally, we determine the six-point zero-momentum couplings, relevant for the small-magnetization expansion of the equation of state, and the invariant amplitude ratio R(+)(xi) that expresses the universality of the free-energy density per correlation volume. We find R(+)(xi)=0.2885(15).
In chapter one, we explain briefly the continuum limit, scaling, and high temperature expansion of critical phenomena, Monte Carlo algorithms and fitting. In chapter two, different continuum limits of the Ising model in dimensions (D) 2, 3 and 4 are investigated numerically. The data indicate that triviality occurs for D = 4 and fails for D < 4 in each limit. In chapter three, a relation between the critical exponents of the leading and confluent scaling terms is derived using the finite size scaling argument. We also determine the new scaling variable of the 4D Ising model based on a new Monte Carlo simulation data. In chapter four, a Monte Carlo study of two dimensional diluted Ising systems is reported. It is shown that regular dilution does not affect critical exponents, while a random one does, with critical exponents varying continuously with impurity concentration. The importance of fluctuations in producing such effects is emphasized. In chapter five, a different point of view regarding the critical exponent of the specific heat of the 3D Ising model is presented. Based on the analysis of high temperature expansion, finite size scaling and Monte Carlo data in the symmetric phase of the 3D Ising model, it is shown that logarithmic scaling behavior of specific heat is more consistent than power scaling behavior.