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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Superradiant cascading effects in rubidium Rydberg levels

F. Gounand, M Hugon, P. R. Fournier, J. Berlande

Published Feb 28, 1979• 58 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors report the first observation of superradiant cascading effects in rubidium Rydberg levels. For excited state densities of the order of 10 10 cm -3 , superradiant emissions drastically modify the radiative behaviour of highly excited states. Some features of a multi-level superradiant system are investigated.
DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/12/4/006

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Experiments in dense, ultracold gases of rubidium Rydberg atoms show a considerable decrease of the radiative excited state lifetimes compared to dilute gases. This accelerated decay is explained by collective and cooperative effects, leading to superradiance. A formalism to calculate effective decay times in a dense Rydberg gas shows that for these atoms the decay into nearby levels increases by up to three orders of magnitude. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment follows from this treatment of Rydberg decay behavior.
Experiments in dense, ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms show a considerable decrease of excited state lifetimes compared to dilute gases. We find that this accelerated decay could be explained by collective and cooperative effects, leading to superradiance. We use a novel formalism to calculate effective decay times in a dense Rydberg gas for all decay channels. We find that the tendency to decay into the lowest levels is inverted in dense gases and that the now-dominant low-frequency decays favor a superradiant decay mode.
We report the observation of near-infrared Dicke superradiant pulses. The active medium (atomic Na vapor) is optically pumped in the 5S125{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}5S21​​ state and superradiates on transitions cascading down from this level at 3.41, 2.21, and 9.10 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The superradiant character of the emission is checked by studying variations of pulse heights and delays versus initial population inversion density.