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Physical Review A

Polarization of an atomic sodium beam by laser optical pumping

Jack T. Cusma, L. W. Anderson

Published Aug 1, 1983• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A highly polarized $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ atomic beam is produced by optical pumping with the use of either a multimode cw dye laser or a single-mode ring dye laser followed by a double-passed acousto-optic modulator. Electron-spin polarizations of 0.72 to 0.90 are obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.28.1195

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Review of Scientific Instruments•Sep 1, 1988•1 citation
A highly polarized 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na atomic beam is produced by optical pumping with the use of either a multimode cw dye laser or a single-mode ring dye laser followed by a double-passed acousto-optic modulator. Electron-spin polarizations of 0.72 to 0.90 are obtained.
We describe optically pumping a beam of sodium atoms to >96% mS and >92% mS, mI state selection. (We have accurately measured the population of every mS, mI state in the optically pumped beam.) For the optical pumping both ground hyperfine states are pumped, using single-mode cw dye-laser radiation tuned to the 3S1/2–3P1/2 transition that is phase modulated in a LiTaO3 crystal to produce first-order sidebands at approximately the 1772-MHz hyperfine splitting of the ground state. The z-directed optical pumping is performed in a z-directed magnetic field of ~5 G. The state-selected atoms then move, in ~1 cm, into an ~200 G, z-directed field. The downstream probe laser beam is scanned through the 3S1/2 (mS, mI) → 3P3/2 (mS′, mI) transitions, which are spectroscopically resolved at 200 G, and the fluorescence intensities portray the residual populations in each of the eight 3S1/2 states.
Optical pumping by a single-frequency cw ring dye laser of thick sodium vapor targets (NL>1013\mathrm{NL}>{10}^{13}NL>1013 atoms/cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2) without buffer gas has been investigated for application in a polarized ion source. The atomic polarization of the sodium was determined from the optical rotation of a second dye laser tuned midway between the DDD lines. Rate-equation calculations reproduce the experimental data and predict very high polarizations (P> 0.8P>~0.8P> 0.8) with the use of one or more single-frequency dye lasers in thick alkali-metal vapor targets.
The polarizations of sodium atoms optically pumped by a single-mode cw ring dye laser were measured as a function of the pumping power, sodium-vapor thickness, and external magnetic field for Pyrex glass and copper walls with and without dry-film coating. Observed quantities were analyzed by a simple optical pumping model in which the effect of the radiation trapping was taken into account. Assuming that the depolarization of the sodium atom was mainly induced by the local magnetic field at the sodium atom during its adsorption on the wall surface, the calculations could successfully reproduce the observed polarizations.