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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

The off-critical integrable Ashkin-Teller model

Paul A. Pearce, Katherine Seaton

Published Apr 7, 1990• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The exact solution of an Ashkin-Teller model, with layer and spatial anisotropy and Z 2 *Z 2 symmetry, is presented. The model is related to the eight-vertex model by a sublattice or orbifold duality and it has the same free energy and magnetisation. The exact solution manifold is a three-dimensional submanifold of the full six-dimensional thermodynamic space. It admits a Z 3 symmetry relating three regimes each exhibiting different partial order. In the spatially isotropic case, these regimes are separated by three lines of continuously varying critical behaviour which coalesce at the four-state Potts critical point. The magnetisations and polarisation are derived using corner transfer matrices giving rise to the appearance of chiral and Virasoro characters. The associated critical exponents confirm the known values. In particular, one obtains the value x sigma =1/8 for the magnetic scaling dimension and identify the next-to-leading thermal field.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/23/7/024

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Universality and non-universality in the Ashkin-Teller model

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The Ashkin-Teller model can be formulated as a pair of 2D Ising models, interacting via a four-spin interaction. I consider the case of weak anisotropy (slight a-symmetry between the two Ising layers) and weak coupling. I show that the system admits two critical temperatures whose difference varies continuously with the strength of the coupling, scaling with an anomalous exponent as one let the a-symmetry parameter go to zero. The specific heat diverges logarithmically at the critical points (as for Ising) but the constant in front of the logarithm is renormalized by an anomalous critical exponent. The logarithmic divergence of the specific heat dominates only in an exponentially small interval around the critical temperatures and outside it is modified into an anomalous power law behaviour. The proof is based on an exact mapping of Ashkin-Teller into a model of (1+1)D interacting fermions and on the implementation of constructive Renormalization group methods on the fermionic system. This PhD thesis includes: (1) a review of the exact solution of 2D Ising in terms of Grassmann functional integrals; (2) a review of the Grassmann representation for a class of interacting Ising models, including Ashkin-Teller and the 8 vertex model; (3) a detailed discussion of the multiscale analysis of the Ashkin-Teller model, based on fermionic Renormalization Group methods, including the study of the flow of the effective coupling constants (in particular a proof of vanishing of the beta function for this and similar Luttinger-like models, based on modified approximate Ward identities, is included). This thesis is based on joint work with V. Mastropietro.

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We study a one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonian problem which is equivalent to a highly anisotropic version of the two-dimensional Ashkin-Teller model. This problem is studied by using its duality and other symmetry properties, by a consideration of its limiting cases, and by mapping it into an $\mathrm{XXZ}$ linear chain which is equivalent to a highly anisotropic six-vertex model. In addition eleventh-order strong-coupling series are used to derive numerical data about the Hamiltonian problem. By these means a phase diagram is obtained. The essentially new feature of this diagram is a "critical fan," i.e., a region where a line of continuously varying criticality "fans out" and becomes an area of critical behavior.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Nov 1, 1981•226 citations
The exact solution of an Ashkin-Teller model, with layer and spatial anisotropy and Z 2 *Z 2 symmetry, is presented. The model is related to the eight-vertex model by a sublattice or orbifold duality and it has the same free energy and magnetisation. The exact solution manifold is a three-dimensional submanifold of the full six-dimensional thermodynamic space. It admits a Z 3 symmetry relating three regimes each exhibiting different partial order. In the spatially isotropic case, these regimes are separated by three lines of continuously varying critical behaviour which coalesce at the four-state Potts critical point. The magnetisations and polarisation are derived using corner transfer matrices giving rise to the appearance of chiral and Virasoro characters. The associated critical exponents confirm the known values. In particular, one obtains the value x sigma =1/8 for the magnetic scaling dimension and identify the next-to-leading thermal field.
The Ashkin-Teller model can be formulated as a pair of 2D Ising models, interacting via a four-spin interaction. I consider the case of weak anisotropy (slight a-symmetry between the two Ising layers) and weak coupling. I show that the system admits two critical temperatures whose difference varies continuously with the strength of the coupling, scaling with an anomalous exponent as one let the a-symmetry parameter go to zero. The specific heat diverges logarithmically at the critical points (as for Ising) but the constant in front of the logarithm is renormalized by an anomalous critical exponent. The logarithmic divergence of the specific heat dominates only in an exponentially small interval around the critical temperatures and outside it is modified into an anomalous power law behaviour. The proof is based on an exact mapping of Ashkin-Teller into a model of (1+1)D interacting fermions and on the implementation of constructive Renormalization group methods on the fermionic system. This PhD thesis includes: (1) a review of the exact solution of 2D Ising in terms of Grassmann functional integrals; (2) a review of the Grassmann representation for a class of interacting Ising models, including Ashkin-Teller and the 8 vertex model; (3) a detailed discussion of the multiscale analysis of the Ashkin-Teller model, based on fermionic Renormalization Group methods, including the study of the flow of the effective coupling constants (in particular a proof of vanishing of the beta function for this and similar Luttinger-like models, based on modified approximate Ward identities, is included). This thesis is based on joint work with V. Mastropietro.
A three-state IRF model of a magnetic hard-square lattice gas with anisotropic interactions is solved exactly on special two-dimensional manifolds in the full five-dimensional thermodynamic space spanned by the (ferro- or antiferro-) magnetic interactions J, K, the (attractive or repulsive) lattice-gas interactions L, M and the activity z. The phase boundaries determined include multicritical lines and critical surfaces as well as first-order surfaces of three- and fivefold phase coexistence between the fluid and various (para, ferro, etc.) magnetic square-ordered solid phases. Analytic expressions are given for free energies, interfacial tensions, correlation lengths, sublattice densities and magnetisations. The critical behaviour of these quantities is studied and the associated critical exponents obtained.
Abstract The N -color Ashkin–Teller model corresponds to N Ising models coupled by four-spin interactions. We consider the two-dimensional case in presence of quenched disorder and use scale invariant scattering theory to determine all the solutions of the exact renormalization group fixed points equations. The weak disorder sector is characterized by a solution that, for any fixed N larger than 1, is a line of fixed points with Ising thermal exponents and continuously varying magnetic exponents. The number of fixed point solutions allowed by the symmetries of the model increases at strong disorder illustrating the growing dependence on the distributions of the two random couplings. The presence of some critical exponents which do not depend on the symmetry parameter N confirms this type of superuniversality as a peculiar feature of random criticality.
Magnetic properties and phase diagrams of a spin-1/2 anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model in a transverse field are studied using the mean field theory. On the one hand, it is found that there exists a critical value of the transverse field Ωc/J1 above which the partially ordered phase 〈σS〉 appears at very low temperature and sufficiently large values of the four-spin interaction coefficient J4/J1. Such result is not obtained in the Ω/J1 = 0 case. On the other hand, the multicritical behaviour is also studied as a function of the transverse field Ω/J1 for selected values of the spin interaction coefficient J2/J1. However, depending on the transverse field value, and a fixed J2/J1 value, four varieties of phase diagrams are found. General formulae are established for an arbitrary coordination number q. The phase diagrams and the behaviour of the transverse and longitudinal magnetisations are given for q = 4.
We study a one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonian problem which is equivalent to a highly anisotropic version of the two-dimensional Ashkin-Teller model. This problem is studied by using its duality and other symmetry properties, by a consideration of its limiting cases, and by mapping it into an XXZ\mathrm{XXZ}XXZ linear chain which is equivalent to a highly anisotropic six-vertex model. In addition eleventh-order strong-coupling series are used to derive numerical data about the Hamiltonian problem. By these means a phase diagram is obtained. The essentially new feature of this diagram is a "critical fan," i.e., a region where a line of continuously varying criticality "fans out" and becomes an area of critical behavior.