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Physics Letters A

A comparison between realistic and orthodox interpretations of a possible experiment based on two recent tests of quantum mechanics

Luiz Carlos Ryff

Published Nov 1, 1986• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(86)90632-8

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Many experiments seem to require causal influences acting into the backward light cone. Any such effect, if true, would conflict with the basic forward-in-time-dynamics of orthodox relativistic quantum field theory. It is shown here how such an appearance can arise from a difference between two different conceptions of the past. Two diagrams will illustrate how the Bem-reported results of his "erotic picture" experiments can be understood within forward-in-time realistically interpreted orthodox quantum field theory. A separate second topic is "quasi-orthodox quantum mechanics" in which nature's responses to the observer's probing queries are biased away from the Born-rule prediction, and in favor of "stimulating" human experiences, in concordance with Bem's data.
The EPR experiment is analysed in terms of ordinary quantum mechanics and shown to be compatible with the orthodox interpretation of this theory. There is no need to refer to Bohrs resolution of the EPR paradox, nor is it necessary to assume any further unusual properties of the quantum physical reality. In particular, it is shown that the EPR experiment does not contradict the fact that incommensurable properties cannot be objectivized simultaneously in a quantum mechanical system, and that the measuring process can be understood in terms of quantum theory as an interaction of the measuring apparatus and the object system. From these results it follows that there is no reason to search for modifications of the quantum theory which might be more convenient for a realistic interpretation of the EPR experiment. Furthermore, the EPR experiment cannot be used as a motivation for introducing hidden variables into the quantum theory. Experimental investigations which try to test quantum mechanics in respect to the possibility of introducing local hidden variables can therefore not be justified by the EPR paradox.
In this paper we discuss the representational realist stance as a pluralist ontic approach to inter-theoretic relationships. Our stance stresses the fact that physical theories require the necessary consideration of a conceptual level of discourse which determines and configures the specific field of phenomena discussed by each particular theory. We will criticize the orthodox line of research which has grounded the analysis about QM in two (Bohrian) metaphysical presuppositions -accepted in the present as dogmas that all interpretations must follow. We will also examine how the orthodox project of "bridging the gap" between the quantum and the classical domains has constrained the possibilities of research, producing only a limited set of interpretational problems which only focus in the justification of "classical reality" and exclude the possibility of analyzing the possibilities of non-classical conceptual representations of QM. The representational realist stance introduces two new problems, namely, the superposition problem and the contextuality problem, which consider explicitly the conceptual representation of orthodox QM beyond the mere reference to mathematical structures and measurement outcomes. In the final part of the paper, we revisit, from a representational realist perspective, the quantum to classical limit and the orthodox claim that this inter-theoretic relation can be explained through the principle of decoherence.