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International Journal of General Systems

Towards many-valued/fuzzy interpretation of quantum mechanics

Jarosław Pykacz

Published Aug 12, 2010• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new interpretation of quantum mechanics according to which Born probabilities are interpreted as many-valued truth values of statements concerning results of not-yet-performed experiments on quantum objects, or equivalently [0,1]-valued degrees to which quantum objects possess all their properties prior to measurements. The interpretation is based on mathematical results already published by the author, according to which any Birkhoff–von Neumann quantum logic can be isomorphically represented as a family of fuzzy sets or, equivalently, many-valued propositional functions.

DOI
10.1080/03081079.2010.507331

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In this paper, we propose a new interpretation of quantum mechanics according to which Born probabilities are interpreted as many-valued truth values of statements concerning results of not-yet-performed experiments on quantum objects, or equivalently [0,1]-valued degrees to which quantum objects possess all their properties prior to measurements. The interpretation is based on mathematical results already published by the author, according to which any Birkhoff–von Neumann quantum logic can be isomorphically represented as a family of fuzzy sets or, equivalently, many-valued propositional functions.
A many–valued logic from an old neglected Lukasiewicz paper is adopted to describe results of physical (esp. quantum) experiments. Truth–values of propositions are interpreted as probabilities of their experimental confirmation. It is shown that the Lindenbaum algebra of the obtained logic is an orthomodular partially ordered set, i.e. a “quantum logic” in the Birkhoff–von Neumann sense. Short outline of the historical development of applications of many–valued logics in foudations of quantum mechanics is given.
In this paper, the formulation of Quantum Mechanics in terms of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets is explored. A result by Pykacz, which establishes a correspondence between (quantum) logics (lattices with certain properties) and certain families of fuzzy sets, is applied to the Birkhoff–von Neumann logic, the lattice of projectors of a Hilbert space. Three cases are considered: the qubit, two qubits entangled, and a qutrit ‘nested’ inside the two entangled qubits. The membership functions of the fuzzy sets are explicitly computed and all the connectives of the fuzzy sets are interpreted as operations with these particular membership functions. In this way, a complete picture of the standard quantum logic in terms of fuzzy sets is obtained for the systems considered.
According to quantum mechanics, statements about the future made by sentient beings like us are, in general, neither true nor false; they must satisfy a many-valued logic. I propose that the truth value of such a statement should be identified with the probability that the event it describes will occur. After reviewing the history of related ideas in logic, I argue that it gives an understanding of probability which is particularly satisfactory for use in quantum mechanics. I construct a lattice of future-tense propositions, with truth values in the interval [0, 1], and derive logical properties of these truth values given by the usual quantum-mechanical formula for the probability of a history.
The set of all pair (and in fact higher-order) distributions that are representable in quantum mechanics is characterized and compared with the classical range. Various interference phenomena yield pair distributions that are not classical; a few examples are discussed. These results shed light on some fundamental problems concerning the interpretation of quantum mechanics, in particular it is demonstrated how the ‘‘quantum logic’’ of Birkhoff and Von Neumann can be naturally interpreted in terms of truth values. Finally, the possibility of interpreting quantum probability in a realistic ‘‘quasiclassical’’ way is explored.
Abstract Logical inference leads to one of the major interpretations of probability theory called logical interpretation, in which the probability is seen as a measure of the plausibility of a logical statement under incomplete information. Assuming that our usual inference procedure is working rationally for every set of logical propositions represented in terms of commuting projectors on a given Hilbert space, we extend the logical interpretation to quantum mechanics and derive the Born rule. Our result implies that, from epistemological viewpoints, we can regard quantum mechanics as a natural extension of classical probability theory.