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International Journal of Modern Physics B

HIGH-DENSITY EXPANSION FOR THE SPINLESS FERMION MODEL II: SECOND AND THIRD ORDER IN 1/z

M. Bartkowiak, E. Peter Münger, K. A. Chao

Published Aug 1, 1988• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The selfconsistent high-density expansion for thermodynamic quantities of the quantum spin-polarized fermion lattice gas, derived in the preceding paper, is extended to higher orders. The (1/z)2 terms in the free energy are evaluated by summing two-loop diagrams and the corresponding equation for critical temperature in the classical limit is discussed. Ground state phase diagram of the system for arbitrary electron density is derived in the first and second order of the expansion. Properties of the half-filled, one-dimensional spinless fermion model at T = 0, obtained here in the first three orders in 1/z, are compared with the results of exact calculations and of other approximate methods. This provides a test for the unrenormalized high-density expansion method.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979288000354

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•Jan 1, 2008•1 citation
The selfconsistent high-density expansion for thermodynamic quantities of the quantum spin-polarized fermion lattice gas, derived in the preceding paper, is extended to higher orders. The (1/z)2 terms in the free energy are evaluated by summing two-loop diagrams and the corresponding equation for critical temperature in the classical limit is discussed. Ground state phase diagram of the system for arbitrary electron density is derived in the first and second order of the expansion. Properties of the half-filled, one-dimensional spinless fermion model at T = 0, obtained here in the first three orders in 1/z, are compared with the results of exact calculations and of other approximate methods. This provides a test for the unrenormalized high-density expansion method.
A diagrammatic technique for Hubbard's operators is employed to perform systematically the high-density expansion for the three-dimensional spinless fermion model. The molecular field theory is obtained by the zero-order renormalization of blocks. Summation of the first order diagrams is carried out in both selfconsistent and correctional way. It turns out that the charge ordering parameter, calculated self-consistently, has a jump for a certain medial temperature. We have also shown, that the Horwitz-Callen renormalization leads to the first or second order phase transition, depending on t/W and fails when this ratio is large enough. The phase diagrams of the system for the half-filled band case, derived in both unrenormalized and renormalized first order of high-density expansion are presented.
The Green’s-function diagrammatic high-density expansion technique for Hubbard’s operators is constructed and applied to the extended Hubbard model. The electron Green’s functions and the band structure of the ground state for arbitrary electron density are calculated in the zeroth-order in 1/z. The phase diagram, staggered magnetic susceptibility and the Néel temperature for the half-filled band case are derived in the first order of the high-density expansion. Connections of the high-density and linked cluster expansions are also discussed.
The self-consistently renormalized high-density expansion (SHDE) is first used to determine temperature dependence of order parameter. Free energy and magnetization of the Ising model has been calculated to the second order. It is shown that the unphysical discontinuity of the order parameter as a function of temperature, which appears in the first-order approximation, still remains in the second-order calculation. Based on the 1/d expansion, we then construct a method to select (1/z)i contributions from the high density expansion terms. This method is applied to the first and second-order self-consistent equation for magnetization. Selection of the first order in 1/z contributions within the first order of the SHDE leads to considerable improvement of the behavior of magnetization as a function of temperature, and application of the local approximation to the second order of the SHDE term gives an acceptable single-value behavior of the order parameter.
We propose a simple model of an interacting, fully spin-polarized Fermi gas in dimensions d=2 and d=3, and derive the approximate expression for the energy spectrum and the corresponding formula for the Helmholtz free energy. We analyze the thermodynamics of the system and find the lines of first-order phase transitions between the low- and high-density phases terminating at critical points. The properties of the corresponding phase diagrams are qualitatively different for d=2 and 3, and sensitively depend on the interparticle attraction, which marks a departure from the standard van der Waals theory. The differences originate from the Pauli exclusion principle and are embedded in the fermionic nature of the system under study.
A model of spin-polarized fermions hopping on a two-dimensional lattice with a nearest-neighbor interaction V is studied. Random-phase-approximation calculations predict that the half-filled system undergoes a density-wave transition for positive values of V, an odd-angular-momentum pairing transition for small negative V, and a condensation-phase-separation transition for more negative values of V. The classical lattice-gas Ising limit matches onto the density-wave transition for V>0 and the condensation transition for V<0. A strong-coupling expansion in powers of the ratio of single-fermion transfer-matrix element t to the two-body interaction V provides the leading corrections to the Ising limit. In order to explore the intermediate-coupling regime, fermion Monte Carlo calculations were carried out and various Green's functions characterizing the quantum correlations evaluated. With use of finite-size scaling techniques, the density-wave and condensation phase boundaries were followed into the intermediate-coupling regime. At these transitions, measured quantities scaled well with the usual Ising indices. Unfortunately, the weak-coupling regime lies beyond the reach of these simulations, and we conclude that a method suitable for the weak-coupling regime is needed to complete the phase diagram.
Spinless fermions with repulsion are treated non-perturbatively by classifying the diagrams of the generating functional Φ in powers of the inverse lattice dimension 1/d. The equations derived from the first two orders are evaluated on the one- and on the two-particle level. The order parameter of the AB-charge density wave (AB-CDW) occurring at larger interaction is calculated in d = 3. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is evaluated for the conductivity σ(ω) which is found to have two peaks within the energy gap 2∆ in the AB-CDW: a remnant of the Drude peak and an excitonic resonance. Unexpectedly, σ DC does not vanish for T → 0 1 The limit of infinite dimensions d → ∞ for itinerant fermion systems [1, 2] has proven very useful for the understanding of strongly interacting electron systems [3]. The research focusses on one-particle properties in the strict limit d = ∞. There exist also some results on transport properties [4, 5]. The present contribution extends the knowledge on the AC- and DC-conductivity including 1/d-corrections in the model of spinless fermions with repulsive interaction. The results cover and the non-symmetry broken (homogeneous) phase and the AB-CDW occurring on bipartite lattices. The techniques used in the description of the latter are certainly transferable to other symmetry broken phases in related models. The Hamiltonian of the spinless fermion model at half-filling (n = 0.5) is given in second quantisation