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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Influence of the Magnetic Field Gradient on the Extraction of Slow Sodium Atoms outside the Solenoid in the Zeeman Slower

Yoshiteru Kondo, Mitsuyo Saito, Masafumi Yamashita, Toshiharu Tako, Atsuo Morinaga

Published Feb 1, 1997• 2 citations

Abstract

In order to produce an intense steady flux of slow sodium atoms outside the solenoid in a Zeeman slower, the relation between the extraction velocity of the atoms and the magnetic field gradient at the exit of the Zeeman solenoid was examined. When the magnetic field gradient was 0.5 T/m, slow atoms with a velocity of 160 m/s were extracted outside the solenoid with a slowing laser detuning of 250 MHz. On the other hand, when the magnetic field gradient was higher, i.e., 1.4 T/m, slow atoms with a velocity of 30 m/s were extracted with a slowing laser detuning of 550 MHz. The magnetic-field adiabatic following condition is discussed by comparing the experimental results with those of a Monte Carlo simulation.

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.36.905

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In order to produce an intense steady flux of slow sodium atoms outside the solenoid in a Zeeman slower, the relation between the extraction velocity of the atoms and the magnetic field gradient at the exit of the Zeeman solenoid was examined. When the magnetic field gradient was 0.5 T/m, slow atoms with a velocity of 160 m/s were extracted outside the solenoid with a slowing laser detuning of 250 MHz. On the other hand, when the magnetic field gradient was higher, i.e., 1.4 T/m, slow atoms with a velocity of 30 m/s were extracted with a slowing laser detuning of 550 MHz. The magnetic-field adiabatic following condition is discussed by comparing the experimental results with those of a Monte Carlo simulation.

We have developed a new scheme to produce a dense trap of sodium atoms in the magneto-optical trap using the transition of F=1 to F'=0 states. In a conventional Zeeman slower a bias magnetic field is applied in the deceleration region to prevent the optical pumping to the F=1 state, so that sodium atoms interact with the cooling radiation of F=2 to F'=3. As a result, many of slow atoms in the F=2 state continue to decelerate adiabatically even at the exit of the solenoid and remain inside the magnetic field. However, slow atoms could be extracted outside the magnetic field, if they are transferred to the F=1 state by the optical pumping via the F'=2 state. Therefore, we reduced the strength of the bias magnetic field. We trapped the slow sodium atoms in the F=1 state directly in the magneto-optical trap.

We have studied in detail the Zeeman-tuned slowing of a beam of sodium atoms. We present experimental data that examine details of the slowing by studying the atomic beam both as it slows and after the slowing process has been completed. A Monte Carlo computer simulation reproduces many of the details of our experimental data. We also discuss an analytic model based on the idea that the slowing proceeds adiabatically—that is, such that slowing atoms are always nearly resonant with the laser. This model allows us to give simple physical interpretations to many of the features of our data.