Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review Letters

Diphotons in a nonlinear Fabry-Pérot resonator: Bound states of interacting photons in an optical ‘‘quantum wire’’

Ivan Deutsch, R. Y. Chiao, J. C. Garrison

Published Dec 21, 1992• 58 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a high-Q Fabry-P\'erot resonator with cylindrical mirrors, operating near fundamental mode and filled with an alkali vapor, as the photonic analog to the electronic quantum wire. The internal photons constitute a 1D Bose gas with pairwise interactions. We solve for the two-photon bound state which determines a resonance for the two-photon transmission function. Emphasis is placed on the experimental feasibility of observing these quasiparticles.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.69.3627

Related papers

Two-photon bound states and self-trapped solitons in a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator

Ivan Deutsch, R. Y. Chiao, J. C. Garrison

Propagation of light beams in a Fabry-Perot resonator filled with a self-focusing Kerr material is described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. If the degrees of freedom are restricted to one transverse dimension through the use of a line focus at the input face, the system possesses classical soliton solutions analogous to those for travelling-wave self-trapped beams. When the classical field theory is quantized, one obtains an effective nonrelativistic many-body field theory in which pairs of photons interact through attractive delta function potentials. The existence of bound states between photons is the microscopic phenomenon that prevents beams from spreading by diffraction. The fundamental bound state consists of two photons, which we call the "diphoton." We consider production of these quasi-particles in a single longitudinal mode Fabry-Perot resonator filled with an alkali vapor. The injected light is strongly attenuated to excite few photons in the cavity and is detuned slightly above the atomic resonance, giving rise to the self-focusing nonlinearity. Detection of the diphoton can be achieved by rejecting the unbound component by using a spatial filter and detecting the remaining signal in coincidence counting. The diphoton signature is a characteristic Lorentzian-squared two-point correlation profile.1

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Solitons in quantum nonlinear optics

R. Y. Chiao, Ivan Deutsch, J. C. Garrison +1 more

Alkali vapors excited by light near resonance are known to possess very large nonlinear optical coefficients n 2 , which can have either sign depending on the sign of the detuning. Spatial solitons in a Fabry-Perot resonator filled with such vapors can result from these nonlinearities. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) obeyed by these solitons is formally equivalent to a nonrelativistic many-body field theory, in which photons behave like nonrelativistic bosons with pairwise interactions. When n 2 is positive, these interactions are attractive; when is negative, they are repulsive. With n 2 positive, it is predicted that a self-trapped, 1D spatial soliton (the hyperbolic secant solution to the ID NLS) should be observable, and we plan to perform soliton-soliton collision experiments with such solitons. At the quantum level, the light inside such a soliton should be self-squeezed, and we plan to observe this using the Shirasaki-Haus method. The possibility of observing the two-photon bound state, the diphoton, will be explored. With n 2 negative, a ID spatial dark soliton with antibunching of photons should result. Moreover, with n 2 negative, a 2D vortex soliton should form, and we plan to examine the dynamics of these photonic vortices at both classical and quantum levels. The possibility that these vortices obey anyonic statistics will be explored. These optical systems thus constitute an experimentally accessible arena in which many-body phenomena analogous to those in condensed matter physics, especially topological ones, such as the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, superfluidity, and anyonic statistics, may be observed.

CRC Press eBooks•Jul 16, 2021•1 citation

Two-dimensional photon fluid : effective photon–photon interaction and physical realizations

R. Y. Chiao, T. H. Hansson, Jon Magne Leinaas +1 more

We describe a recently developed effective theory for atom-mediated photon–photon interactions in a two-dimensional 'photon fluid' confined to a Fabry–Perot resonator. The photons in the lowest longitudinal cavity mode will appear as massive bosons interacting via a renormalized delta-function potential with a strength determined by physical parameters such as the density of atoms and the detuning of the photons relative to the resonance frequency of the atoms. We discuss novel quantum phenomena for photons, such as Bose–Einstein condensation and bound state formation, as well as possible experimental scenarios based on Rydberg atoms in a microwave cavity, or alkali atoms in an optical cavity.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Mar 24, 2004•6 citations

Dressed photons in a nonlinear Fabry-Pérot cavity

Ze Cheng

The photo-polaron in a two-dimensional optical microcavity is investigated within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. Our experimental setup is based on a planar Fabry-P\'erot cavity filled with a nonlinear nonpolar crystal. The Fabry-P\'erot cavity provides a chemical potential and an effective mass for a photon, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of number-conserving, massive bosons. The incident photons interact with the Raman phonons in the crystal and hence are converted into quasiparticles, which we refer to as photo-polarons. A photo-polaron is a photon dressed with a cloud of virtual transverse-optical phonons, namely, the dressed photon. One of the most important properties of photo-polaron is an increased inert mass. Because of the effect of photo-polarons, we find that the photon-photon interaction is enhanced greatly. The photo-polaron is a quantum effect of cavity nonlinear optics but its increased inert mass is a classical property.

Physical Review A•May 20, 2013•4 citations

Optical analogue of the polaron: Dressed photon in a nonlinear Fabry-Pérot cavity

Ze Cheng

The photon polaron in a two-dimensional optical micro-cavity is investigated within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. Our experimental set-up is based on a planar Fabry-Pérot cavity filled with a nonlinear non-polar crystal. The Fabry-Pérot cavity provides a chemical potential and an effective mass for a photon, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of number-conserving, massive bosons. A photon polaron is a photon dressed with a cloud of virtual transverse optical phonons, namely, the dressed photon. One of the most important properties of the photon polaron is an increased inert mass. Because of the effect of photon polarons, we find that the photon-photon interaction is enhanced greatly. The photon polaron is a quantum effect of cavity nonlinear optics but its increased inert mass is a classical property.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Jan 1, 2013•5 citations

Optical bistability in an all-optical fiber nonlinear fabry-perot resonator with linear absorption

Shenping Li, K.T. Chan

An all-optical fiber nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator is proposed. The steady-state model for describing this resonator is developed. The transmission and refection bistabilities are shown numerically. Our results show that the bistability in this system is similar to that in a normal nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon, except that the characteristics of the bistability can be changed not only by the cavity length but also by the phase shifts of the fiber loop mirrors.

Fiber & Integrated Optics•Jan 1, 1997•3 citations
We propose a high-Q Fabry-P'erot resonator with cylindrical mirrors, operating near fundamental mode and filled with an alkali vapor, as the photonic analog to the electronic quantum wire. The internal photons constitute a 1D Bose gas with pairwise interactions. We solve for the two-photon bound state which determines a resonance for the two-photon transmission function. Emphasis is placed on the experimental feasibility of observing these quasiparticles.
Propagation of light beams in a Fabry-Perot resonator filled with a self-focusing Kerr material is described by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. If the degrees of freedom are restricted to one transverse dimension through the use of a line focus at the input face, the system possesses classical soliton solutions analogous to those for travelling-wave self-trapped beams. When the classical field theory is quantized, one obtains an effective nonrelativistic many-body field theory in which pairs of photons interact through attractive delta function potentials. The existence of bound states between photons is the microscopic phenomenon that prevents beams from spreading by diffraction. The fundamental bound state consists of two photons, which we call the "diphoton." We consider production of these quasi-particles in a single longitudinal mode Fabry-Perot resonator filled with an alkali vapor. The injected light is strongly attenuated to excite few photons in the cavity and is detuned slightly above the atomic resonance, giving rise to the self-focusing nonlinearity. Detection of the diphoton can be achieved by rejecting the unbound component by using a spatial filter and detecting the remaining signal in coincidence counting. The diphoton signature is a characteristic Lorentzian-squared two-point correlation profile.1
Alkali vapors excited by light near resonance are known to possess very large nonlinear optical coefficients n 2 , which can have either sign depending on the sign of the detuning. Spatial solitons in a Fabry-Perot resonator filled with such vapors can result from these nonlinearities. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) obeyed by these solitons is formally equivalent to a nonrelativistic many-body field theory, in which photons behave like nonrelativistic bosons with pairwise interactions. When n 2 is positive, these interactions are attractive; when is negative, they are repulsive. With n 2 positive, it is predicted that a self-trapped, 1D spatial soliton (the hyperbolic secant solution to the ID NLS) should be observable, and we plan to perform soliton-soliton collision experiments with such solitons. At the quantum level, the light inside such a soliton should be self-squeezed, and we plan to observe this using the Shirasaki-Haus method. The possibility of observing the two-photon bound state, the diphoton, will be explored. With n 2 negative, a ID spatial dark soliton with antibunching of photons should result. Moreover, with n 2 negative, a 2D vortex soliton should form, and we plan to examine the dynamics of these photonic vortices at both classical and quantum levels. The possibility that these vortices obey anyonic statistics will be explored. These optical systems thus constitute an experimentally accessible arena in which many-body phenomena analogous to those in condensed matter physics, especially topological ones, such as the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, superfluidity, and anyonic statistics, may be observed.
We describe a recently developed effective theory for atom-mediated photon–photon interactions in a two-dimensional 'photon fluid' confined to a Fabry–Perot resonator. The photons in the lowest longitudinal cavity mode will appear as massive bosons interacting via a renormalized delta-function potential with a strength determined by physical parameters such as the density of atoms and the detuning of the photons relative to the resonance frequency of the atoms. We discuss novel quantum phenomena for photons, such as Bose–Einstein condensation and bound state formation, as well as possible experimental scenarios based on Rydberg atoms in a microwave cavity, or alkali atoms in an optical cavity.
The photo-polaron in a two-dimensional optical microcavity is investigated within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. Our experimental setup is based on a planar Fabry-P\'erot cavity filled with a nonlinear nonpolar crystal. The Fabry-P\'erot cavity provides a chemical potential and an effective mass for a photon, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of number-conserving, massive bosons. The incident photons interact with the Raman phonons in the crystal and hence are converted into quasiparticles, which we refer to as photo-polarons. A photo-polaron is a photon dressed with a cloud of virtual transverse-optical phonons, namely, the dressed photon. One of the most important properties of photo-polaron is an increased inert mass. Because of the effect of photo-polarons, we find that the photon-photon interaction is enhanced greatly. The photo-polaron is a quantum effect of cavity nonlinear optics but its increased inert mass is a classical property.
The photon polaron in a two-dimensional optical micro-cavity is investigated within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. Our experimental set-up is based on a planar Fabry-Pérot cavity filled with a nonlinear non-polar crystal. The Fabry-Pérot cavity provides a chemical potential and an effective mass for a photon, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of number-conserving, massive bosons. A photon polaron is a photon dressed with a cloud of virtual transverse optical phonons, namely, the dressed photon. One of the most important properties of the photon polaron is an increased inert mass. Because of the effect of photon polarons, we find that the photon-photon interaction is enhanced greatly. The photon polaron is a quantum effect of cavity nonlinear optics but its increased inert mass is a classical property.