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Science & Education

Different Levels of the Meaning of Wave-Particle Duality and a Suspensive Perspective on the Interpretation of Quantum Theory

Yong Wook Cheong, Jinwoong Song

Published Aug 5, 2013• 33 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11191-013-9633-2

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We explore the hydrodynamic analogues of quantum wave-particle duality in the context of a bouncing droplet system which we model in such a way as to promote comparisons to the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics. Through numerical means we obtain single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference patterns that strongly resemble those reported in experiment and that reflect a striking resemblance to quantum diffraction and interference on a phenomenological level. We, however, identify evident differences from quantum mechanics which arise from the governing equations at the fundamental level.
The delayed-choice experiment has long been regarded as one of the most conceptually intriguing demonstrations in quantum mechanics because the measurement configuration can be selected after a quantum system has already entered the experimental apparatus. This feature has often been interpreted as suggesting that the present measurement determines whether the quantum system behaved as a wave or as a particle in the past, thereby motivating discussions of wave–particle duality and retrocausality. This paper reexamines the delayed-choice experiment from the perspective of the Intrinsic Observability Framework (IOF). Rather than interpreting the experiment as demonstrating that the past is modified or that a quantum system intrinsically possesses either wave-like or particle-like properties prior to measurement, the IOF distinguishes between the pre-measurement domain of Potential Observability (PO) and the operational establishment of Observability through measurement. Within this framework, wave-like and particle-like behaviors are interpreted as observable representations established under different accessibility bases rather than intrinsic properties of the quantum system itself. Measurement grants accessibility, thereby establishing an observable representation according to the selected accessibility basis, within which observable values become operationally defined. Consequently, the delayed choice is understood not as selecting whether the quantum system was previously a wave or a particle, but as selecting the accessibility basis through which observability is established. From this perspective, the traditional wave–particle duality is reinterpreted as the basis dependence of observable representation rather than the coexistence of two fundamentally different physical natures. The delayed-choice experiment therefore illustrates how different accessibility bases lead to different observable representations while remaining fully compatible with the standard mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics.
Bohmian mechanics solves the wave-particle duality paradox by introducing the concept of a physical particle that is always point-like and a separate wavefunction with some sort of physical reality. However, this model has not been satisfactorily extended to relativistic levels. Here we introduce a model of permanent point-like particles that works at any energy level. Our model seems to have the benefits of Bohmian mechanics without its shortcomings. We propose an experiment for which the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics and our model make different predictions.