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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Time-delayed laser-induced double gratings

Xin Mi, Zuhe Yu, Qian Jiang, Zhiguo Zhang, Panming Fu

Published Apr 1, 1993• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have employed chaotic and phase-diffusion models to study the effect of laser coherence on time-delayed laser-induced double gratings (TDLIDG). It is found that, although the temporal behavior of the four-wave mixing signal depends on the stochastic properties of the lasers and the relaxation time of the grating, the modulation of the signal is always damped out when the relative time delay between two pump beams is much longer than the laser coherence time. We performed a TDLIDG experiment mediated by thermal effects to study the temporal behavior of the modulation, and we obtained the frequency difference between two light beams with an accuracy limited by the laser linewidth. We also studied the influence of the phase change in the optical path on TDLIDG.

DOI
10.1364/josab.10.000725

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We have employed chaotic and phase-diffusion models to study the effect of laser coherence on time-delayed laser-induced double gratings (TDLIDG). It is found that, although the temporal behavior of the four-wave mixing signal depends on the stochastic properties of the lasers and the relaxation time of the grating, the modulation of the signal is always damped out when the relative time delay between two pump beams is much longer than the laser coherence time. We performed a TDLIDG experiment mediated by thermal effects to study the temporal behavior of the modulation, and we obtained the frequency difference between two light beams with an accuracy limited by the laser linewidth. We also studied the influence of the phase change in the optical path on TDLIDG.
The effect of fourth-order coherence on ultrafast modulation spectroscopy with phase-conjugation geometry (PCUMS) in a cascade three-level system is investigated using chaotic and phase-diffusion models. It has been found that the temporal behavior of the beat signal depends on the stochastic properties of the lasers and the transverse relaxation rate of the transitions, and the modulation terms of the beat signal depend on the second-order coherence function, which is determined by the laser line shape. Since different stochastic models of the laser field affect only the fourth-order coherence function, they have little influence on the general temporal modulation behavior of the beat signal. The different roles of the phase fluctuation and amplitude fluctuation can be investigated in the time domain. The cases where the pump beams have either a narrow or broad band linewidth are considered and it has been found that for both cases a Doppler-free precision in the measurement of the energy-level difference between two states can be achieved. The difference between the PCUMS and the DeBeer, UMS [D. DeBeer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1128 (1986)] is discussed as well from a physical viewpoint.
We have employed chaotic and phase-diffusion models to study the effects of laser fourth-order coherence on polarization beats with phase-conjugation geometry in a four-level system (PBFS). We found that the temporal behavior of the beat signal depends on the stochastic properties of the lasers and the transverse relaxation rate of the transition. The modulation terms of the beat signal depend on the second-order coherence function, which is determined by the laser line shape. Inasmuch as different stochastic models of the laser field affect only the fourth-order coherence function, they have little influence on the general temporal modulation behavior of the beat signal. The different roles of phase fluctuation and amplitude fluctuation are pointed out. The cases that pump beams have either narrow-band or broadband linewidth are considered, and it is found that for both cases a Doppler-free precision in the measurement of the energy-level difference between two states that are dipolar forbidden from the ground state can be achieved. We also discuss the difference between the PBFS and ultrafast modulation spectroscopy from a physical viewpoint.
We have studied theoretically the dependence of the Raman-enhanced nondegenerate four-wave-mixing (RENFWM) spectrum on the relative time delay between two pump beams \ensuremath{\tau} when a thermal effect exists in the sample. Using the chaotic model for the incident laser beams, we give the conditions that the thermal background can be eliminated completely when the relative time delay is much longer than the laser coherence time. In this limit, the theoretical RENFWM spectra show the normal asymmetry due to the interference between the Raman-resonant term and the nonresonant background originating solely from the molecular-reorientational grating. We then turn our attention to the dependence of the RENFWM signal intensity on the relative time delay when the laser frequencies are fixed. Our results indicate that RENFWM is asymmetric about \ensuremath{\tau}=0 and the maximum of the RENFWM signal does not occur at \ensuremath{\tau}=0. When the beating frequency between the pump beam and the probe beam is off resonant from the Raman mode, the RENFWM signal exhibits damping oscillation as the time delay increases. We also show that the temporal behavior of the RENFWM signal is drastically different if the laser sources are described by a phase-diffusion model. The different roles of the phase fluctuation and the amplitude fluctuation can be understood in the time domain.