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The European Physical Journal D

Photo induced collisions with laser cooled He* atoms

Hennie C. Mastwijk, Milou van Rijnbach, Jan W. Thomsen, P. van der Straten, Arend Niehaus

Published Nov 1, 1998• 17 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s100530050192

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Laser can be used to cool and manipulate neutron atoms via momentum exchange between photons and atoms. Laser cooling and trapping is well established on alkali, alkali earth, and noble gas elements. Noble gases, with stable physical and chemical properties, no reactions with other elements, have great potential uses in cold collision, spectroscopy measurement, photo-association, atom optics, etc. However, trapping noble gas atoms is generally more difficult because of the lack of suitable UV lasers. Some of these problems will be overcome with future advances in UV laser technology. Excited by electron collisions, noble gas can reach the long life metastable state for the use of laser decelerating, focusing and trapping. In this paper some main methods which are used to achieve cooling and trapping metastable noble gas atoms are discussed.
The progress toward laser cooling an ultracold plasma is presented in this thesis. Ultracold neutral plasmas are created by photo-ionizing laser cooled Strontium atoms. Initially this system is very strongly coupled, however the ions rapidly heat up leaving the plasma on the borderline of the strongly coupled regime. To counteract the effects of this heating an attempt to laser cool the ions in the system is undertaken. However, from these experiments we discovered that velocity changing collisions occurring in the system prevented laser cooling. In order to determine the collisions rate, a collision model was developed to simulate the spectra of the plasma from optical pumping experiments. These experiments and simulations in fact demonstrate that collisions are occurring at a fast enough rate to prevent ion cooling on the time scale of our experiment.
We analyse the effects of atom-atom collisions on collective laser cooling scheme. We derive a quantum Master equation which describes the laser cooling in presence of atom-atom collisions in the weak-condensation regime. Using such equation, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of the population dynamics in one and three dimensions. We observe that the ground-state laser-induced condensation is maintained in the presence of collisions. Laser cooling causes a transition from a Bose-Einstein distribution describing collisionally induced equilibrium,to a distribution with an effective zero temperature. We analyse also the effects of atom-atom collisions on the cooling into an excited state of the trap.