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Physics Letters A

The mechanisms for optical bistability in a two-photon resonant system

J.A. Hermann, J.N. Elgin

Published Dec 1, 1981• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(81)90657-5

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A novel mechanism is proposed for optical bistability by utilizing the effect of interference which occurs when two levels are coupled by a one-photon resonance and by a two-photon resonance. The resulting bistability does not require atomic saturation, so the bistability can be observed at relatively low incident intensities, and the mechanism is essentially Doppler free, since it occurs by a two-photon process involving absorption of counterpropagating beams of the same frequency. A significant feature is that two-photon bistability can be controlled not only by the magnitude of the field of the one-photon resonance but also by its phase, and an oscillation or amplification of the field of the two-photon resonance can be observed under certain conditions by the mechanism of the parametric interaction of the field of the one-photon resonance and the field of the two-photon resonance through a nonlinear medium.
Optical bistability in a four-level inverted Y-type atom system inside an optical ring cavity is investigated numerically. Atomic density matrix equations are derived by the density matrix theory. The effect of the Spontaneously Generated Coherence( SGC) on threshold of the optical bistability is studied.When the probing field and controlling field are in two-photon resonance,the atoms are trapped on the two lower states,probing field is transparent and there is no bistability in the system. But when the probing field and coupling field or coupling field and controlling field are in two-photon resonance,there is the optical bistability in the system. Under condition of the stable state,SGC can make the interference destructive from two transition channels. Population distribution on the higher levels is enhanced,transparency window becomes narrow,and the threshold of the bistability becomes large.