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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Ground-state correlations and universality in two-dimensional fully frustrated systems

Gabor Forgács

Published Nov 1, 1980• 73 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spin-spin correlation function in the ground state of some two-dimensional fully frustrated spin models are investigated. The correlations are long ranged and decay as $\frac{1}{{r}^{\ensuremath{\eta}}}$, where $r$ is the distance between the two spins and $\ensuremath{\eta}=\frac{1}{2}$. This result is true for both the square and triangular fully frustrated lattices, thus suggesting that these models form a universality class. It is shown that the fully frustrated Ising model on a square lattice can be mapped exactly into a special Baxter model. The spin-spin correlation function of this Baxter model can be calculated exactly. The ground state of the fully frustrated square Ising model corresponds to the free fermion point of the $F$ model and therefore, through duality, to the decoupling point of the critical Baxter line. The relationship between the $F$ model above the critical temperature and the Gaussian model above the multicritical point is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.22.4473

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•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
The spin-spin correlation function in the ground state of some two-dimensional fully frustrated spin models are investigated. The correlations are long ranged and decay as 1r\ensuremathη\frac{1}{{r}^{\ensuremath{\eta}}}r\ensuremathη1​, where rrr is the distance between the two spins and \ensuremathη=12\ensuremath{\eta}=\frac{1}{2}\ensuremathη=21​. This result is true for both the square and triangular fully frustrated lattices, thus suggesting that these models form a universality class. It is shown that the fully frustrated Ising model on a square lattice can be mapped exactly into a special Baxter model. The spin-spin correlation function of this Baxter model can be calculated exactly. The ground state of the fully frustrated square Ising model corresponds to the free fermion point of the FFF model and therefore, through duality, to the decoupling point of the critical Baxter line. The relationship between the FFF model above the critical temperature and the Gaussian model above the multicritical point is discussed.
We consider the fully frustrated Villain or ``odd'' Ising model on a semi-infinite square lattice with surface couplings JS{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{S}}JS​ and bulk couplings \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J. The zero-temperature properties of this model have an interpretation in terms of dimers. From previous work it is known that at T=0 there is no bulk long-range order and the bulk spin-spin correlation function decays algebraically with critical exponent \ensuremath{\eta}=1/2. We analyze the surface behavior in the T=0 transition. For JS{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{S}}JS​\ensuremath{\ne}1/2J the surface spins do order at T=0, and the connected pair-correlation function decays as ${\mathit{r}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ parallel to the surface. For JS{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{S}}JS​=1/2J there is no long-range surface order at T=0, and the pair-correlation function of the surface spins decays as ${\mathit{r}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and ${\mathit{r}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for r even and odd, respectively. We also calculate the free energy, the correlation length, and the profile of the energy density in strips of finite width and compare the results with predictions of conformal invariance for ordinary critical systems.
An exact relationship between the eight vertex (8V) model and the fully frustrated square Ising model (FFSI) is established. On the basis of this it is shown that the T=0 point of the FFSI model corresponds to the F model limit of the 8V model. The critical exponent eta = 1 / 4 for the FFSI model is obtained. The corresponding value of eta for the fully frustrated triangular lattice was shown by Stephenson (1964, 1966) to be 1 / 2 . Possible reasons for this apparent violation of universality are discussed.
We present a detailed study of the critical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model with maximal frustration in a square lattice. We use extensive Monte Carlo simulations to study the thermodynamics of the spin and chiral degrees of freedom, concentrating on their correlation functions. The gauge-invariant spin-spin correlation functions are calculated close to the critical point for lattice sizes up to 240\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}240; the chiral correlation functions are studied on lattices up to 96\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}96. We find that the critical exponents of the spin-phase transition are \ensuremath{\nu}=0.3069 and \ensuremath{\eta}=0.1915, which are to be compared with the unfrustrated XY model exponents \ensuremath{\nu}=1/2 and \ensuremath{\eta}=0.25. We also find that the critical exponents of the chiral transition are ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}$=0.875, 2\ensuremath{\beta}=0.1936, 2\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.82, and 2\ensuremath{\gamma}'=1.025, which are different from the expected 2D Ising critical exponents. The spin-phase transition occurs at TU(1){\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{U}(1)}TU(1)​=0.446, which is about 7% above the estimated chiral critical temperature TZ2{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{Z}2}TZ2​=0.4206. However, because of the size of the statistical errors, it is difficult to decide with certainty whether the transitions occur at the same or at slightly different temperatures. Finally, the jump in the helicity modulus in the fully frustrated system is found to be about 23% below the unfrustrated universal value. The most important consequence of these results is that the fully frustrated XY model appears to be in a novel universality class. Recent successful comparisons of some of these results with experimental data are also briefly discussed.
We study the phase diagram and critical behaviour of the two-dimensional square-lattice fully frustrated XY model (FFXY) and of two related models, a lattice discretization of the Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson Hamiltonian for the critical modes of the FFXY model, and a coupled Ising XY model. We present a finite-size-scaling analysis of the results of high-precision Monte Carlo simulations on L × L square lattices, up to L = O (10 3 ). In the FFXY model and in the other models, when the transitions are continuous, there are two very close but separate transitions. There is an Ising chiral transition characterized by the onset of chiral long-range order while spins remain paramagnetic. Then, as temperature decreases, the systems undergo a Kosterlitz–Thouless spin transition to a phase with quasi-long-range order. The FFXY model and the other models, in a rather large parameter region, show a crossover behaviour at the chiral and spin transitions that is universal to some extent. We conjecture that this universal behaviour is due to a multicritical point. The numerical data suggest that the relevant multicritical point is a zero-temperature transition. A possible candidate is the O(4) point that controls the low-temperature behaviour of the 4-vector model.
We consider the thermal phase transition from a paramagnetic to a stripe-antiferromagnetic phase in the frustrated two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model with competing interactions J1<0{J}_{1}<0J1​<0 (nearest neighbor, ferromagnetic) and J2>0{J}_{2}>0J2​>0 (second neighbor, antiferromagnetic). The striped phase breaks a Z4{Z}_{4}Z4​ symmetry and is stabilized at low temperatures for g=J2/∣J1∣>1/2g={J}_{2}/|{J}_{1}|>1/2g=J2​/∣J1​∣>1/2. Despite the simplicity of the model, it has proved difficult to precisely determine the order and the universality class of the phase transitions. This was done convincingly only recently by Jin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 045702 (2012)]. Here, we further elucidate the nature of these transitions and their anomalies by employing a combination of cluster mean-field theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and transfer-matrix calculations. The J1{J}_{1}J1​-J2{J}_{2}J2​ model has a line of very weak first-order phase transitions in the whole region 1/2<g<g∗1/2<g<{g}^{*}1/2<g<g∗, where ${g}^{*}=0.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$. Thereafter, the transitions from g=g∗g={g}^{*}g=g∗ to $g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ are continuous and can be fully mapped, using universality arguments, to the critical line of the well-known Ashkin-Teller model from its four-state Potts point to the decoupled Ising limit. We also comment on the pseudo-first-order behavior at the Potts point and its neighborhood in the Ashkin-Teller model on finite lattices, which in turn leads to the appearance of similar effects in the vicinity of the multicritical point g∗{g}^{*}g∗ in the J1{J}_{1}J1​-J2{J}_{2}J2​ model. The continuous transitions near g∗{g}^{*}g∗ can therefore be mistaken for first-order transitions, and this realization was the key to understanding the paramagnetic-striped transition for the full range of g>1/2g>1/2g>1/2. Most of our conclusions are based on Monte Carlo calculations, while the cluster mean-field and transfer-matrix results provide useful methodological benchmarks for weakly first-order behaviors and Ashkin-Teller criticality.
In this work the ordering processes in classical frustrated Ising models and the ground-state behavior of frustrated quantum spin models are investigated. In the first part the phase transition from a high-temperature paramagnetic phase to a antiferromagnetic ground state is analyzed for the square-lattice Ising model with competing antiferromagnetic interactions between nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor spins. In the case of spatially isotropic interactions the phase transition to a collinear state is of special interest. Using Monte-Carlo simulations on finite lattices as well as field-theoretical methods for the continuous model it is shown that depending on the frustration three different sectors can be distinguished that show (i) Ising-universal behavior (ii) Ashkin-Teller-like non-universal behavior (varying critical exponents) and (iii) non-critical first-order behavior. For spatially anisotropic interactions the emergence of an intermediate incommensurate phase is verified by means of Monte-Carlo simulations which has been predicted by earlier mean-field calculations. The nature of this phase is studied analyzing spin-spin correlation functions and its ordering wave-vector reveals a strong temperature and size dependence. In the second part the influence of quantum fluctuations on classical antiferromagnetic ground states are investigated in anisotropic quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg models with competing interactions. Using quantum Monte-Carlo simulations, exact diagonalization and perturbation theory the ground-state phase diagrams are calculated for a square lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions and a honeycomb lattice with up to third-nearest-neighbor interactions whereby the fluctuations are chosen to be non-frustrating. For both cases the stability regions of classical magnetic states are identified and an intermediate phase is detected that shows no sign of long-range magnetic order. Further calculations also rule out valence-bond-crystal or topological order for this state, thus a quantum disordered ground state is stabilized in these models.