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Physical Review A

Squeezing and photon number in the Jaynes-Cummings model

Mark S. Hillery

Published Feb 1, 1989• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It was recently shown that large amounts of squeezing can be obtained in the Jaynes-Cummings model by choosing the initial photon number to be large enough. A general property of squeezed states can be used to derive the complementary result that for small initial photon numbers the squeezing that is produced will be relatively weak for all times. It also illustrates the fact that for some quantum effects to be substantial, large photon numbers are required.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.39.1556

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Physical Review A•May 1, 1993•10 citations
It was recently shown that large amounts of squeezing can be obtained in the Jaynes-Cummings model by choosing the initial photon number to be large enough. A general property of squeezed states can be used to derive the complementary result that for small initial photon numbers the squeezing that is produced will be relatively weak for all times. It also illustrates the fact that for some quantum effects to be substantial, large photon numbers are required.
We use the recently-established asymptotic solution (AS) for large fields to study squeezing in the Jaynes-Cummings model. Arbitrary initial atomic states (including atomic coherence) are considered. We find that most features of squeezing can be understood from the properties of the asymptotic field states, and from the observation, which we establish numerically, that for large fields the interference between the two branches of the wavefunction does not contribute significantly to the squeezing (not even near the revival times, when the two field states being superposed have very nearly the same phase). We obtain a limit on the time over which the field may show any squeezing and find that it scales as the 3/4 power of the number of photons. We also obtain a bound on the maximum achievable squeezing for a given number of photons, which is an improvement over earlier estimates. Finally, we discuss some of the shortcomings of the AS, and in particular the existence of a small ghost peak in the field Q function for initial conditions where the AS predicts a single peak, which is enough to destroy the squeezing for certain times.
Using the well-known solution for a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of radiation (Jaynes-Cummings model), we reanalyze the possibility of squeezing. We found that if only the initial coherent state has a mean photon number exceeding 10 (for a resonant case) significant squeezing can be achieved. Its strength can be arbitrarily large for increasing average photon number. Finally, we solve our model in the situation when the em field is damped and analyze the impact of damping on both squeezing and revival phenomena.
Amplitude-squared squeezing is investigated for the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model with the field initially in a squeezed vacuum or a more general squeezed state. For small values of the coherence parameter and large values of the squeeze parameter, the amplitude-squared variances show threefold oscillatory behavior on the long time scale. It is found that a ground-state atom (as against an excited one) leads to considerable enhancement of the input amplitude-squared squeezing. The behavior of photon number squared and its relationship to the amplitude-squared squeezing is commented upon.
An m-photon Jaynes-Cummings model is analyzed assuming the field to be initially in the squeezed vacuum state or in a more general squeezed state. Collapses and revivals of the Rabi oscillations in the atomic population inversion appear for a general squeezed input, but not for a squeezed vacuum input. The second-order coherence function is found to exhibit collapses and revivals for large initial average photon numbers. With a low-intensity input field and large m, one can achieve nearly steady-state squeezing.
An analysis of the effects of detuning and the superposition angle on amplitude-squared (AS) squeezing is presented for the one- and two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) using coherent and squeeze inputs. In the one-photon JCM for squeezed inputs, it is shown that the degree of AS squeezing increases as the detuning increases. The two-photon JCM, on the other hand, displays this characteristic only for coherent input in a small range of values of the detuning. The superposition angle affects the degree of AS squeezing more significantly for a detuned field than for a tuned one. The behavior of AS squeezing becomes independent of the value of the superposition angle in both the models for large initial average photon number, n\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, with any value of detuning and for large detuning with any value of n\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}.